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Besides classical feed-forward neural networks such as multilayer perceptrons, also neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs) have gained particular interest in recent years. Neural ODEs can be interpreted as an infinite depth…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Christian Kuehn , Sara-Viola Kuntz

The classical development of neural networks has primarily focused on learning mappings between finite dimensional Euclidean spaces or finite sets. We propose a generalization of neural networks to learn operators, termed neural operators,…

We prove that a general class of nonlinear, non-autonomous ODEs in Fr\'echet spaces are close to ODEs in a specific normal form, where closeness means that solutions of the normal form ODE satisfy the original ODE up to a residual that…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-06-12 Peter Hochs , A. J. Roberts

A wide range of scientific problems, such as those described by continuous-time dynamical systems and partial differential equations (PDEs), are naturally formulated on function spaces. While function spaces are typically…

We consider applications of neural networks in nonlinear system identification and formulate a hypothesis that adjusting general network structure by incorporating frequency information or other known orthogonal transform, should result in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Krzysztof Zając , Wojciech Sopot , Paweł Wachel

In implementations of the functional data methods, the effect of the initial choice of an orthonormal basis has not gained much attention in the past. Typically, several standard bases such as Fourier, wavelets, splines, etc. are considered…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-15 Rani Basna , Hiba Nassar , Krzysztof Podgórski

In numerous robotics and mechanical engineering applications, among others, data is often constrained on smooth manifolds due to the presence of rotational degrees of freedom. Common datadriven and learning-based methods such as neural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-16 Karthik Elamvazhuthi , Xuechen Zhang , Samet Oymak , Fabio Pasqualetti

Enforcing orthogonality in neural networks is an antidote for gradient vanishing/exploding problems, sensitivity by adversarial perturbation, and bounding generalization errors. However, many previous approaches are heuristic, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Jiahao Su , Wonmin Byeon , Furong Huang

AI for science (AI4Science) models often suffer from discretization: learned representations remain tied to the training grid, limiting transfer across resolutions, solvers and applications. We introduce Neural Proper Orthogonal…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Changhong Mou , Binghang Lu , Guang Lin

Deep neural networks trained using a softmax layer at the top and the cross-entropy loss are ubiquitous tools for image classification. Yet, this does not naturally enforce intra-class similarity nor inter-class margin of the learned deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-06 José Lezama , Qiang Qiu , Pablo Musé , Guillermo Sapiro

A class of neural networks that gained particular interest in the last years are neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs). We study input-output relations of neural ODEs using dynamical systems theory and prove several results…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-09-29 Christian Kuehn , Sara-Viola Kuntz

In a previous paper [1] it was discussed the viability of functional analysis using as a basis a couple of generic functions, and hence vectorial decomposition. Here we complete the paradigm exploiting one of the analysis methodologies…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2013-11-26 Sossio Vergara

Continuous-depth neural networks, such as Neural ODEs, have refashioned the understanding of residual neural networks in terms of non-linear vector-valued optimal control problems. The common solution is to use the adjoint sensitivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Andrew Corbett , Dmitry Kangin

Neural operators, as an efficient surrogate model for learning the solutions of PDEs, have received extensive attention in the field of scientific machine learning. Among them, attention-based neural operators have become one of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zipeng Xiao , Zhongkai Hao , Bokai Lin , Zhijie Deng , Hang Su

By learning the mappings between infinite function spaces using carefully designed neural networks, the operator learning methodology has exhibited significantly more efficiency than traditional methods in solving complex problems such as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-06 Ziyuan Liu , Haifeng Wang , Hong Zhang , Kaijuna Bao , Xu Qian , Songhe Song

Neural operators (NOs) are designed to learn maps between infinite-dimensional function spaces. We propose a novel reframing of their use. By introducing an auxiliary base-space, any finite-dimensional function can be viewed as an operator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Vasilis Niarchos , Angelos Sirbu , Sokratis Trifinopoulos

We propose Lie group embedded dynamical neural networks (LieEDNN) and the corresponding learning algorithms based on gradient descent and metric projection on smooth manifold, where we treat Lie group as an intrinsic representation for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Tianwei Wang , Bryan Chen , Qian Zuo , Qiyue Xia , Xin Li , Wei Pang

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs), via their induced flow maps, provide a powerful framework to parameterize invertible transformations for the purpose of representing complex probability distributions. While such models have achieved…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Youssef Marzouk , Zhi Ren , Sven Wang , Jakob Zech

Neural ODEs and i-ResNet are recently proposed methods for enforcing invertibility of residual neural models. Having a generic technique for constructing invertible models can open new avenues for advances in learning systems, but so far…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Han Zhang , Xi Gao , Jacob Unterman , Tom Arodz

The order/dimension of models derived on the basis of data is commonly restricted by the number of observations, or in the context of monitored systems, sensing nodes. This is particularly true for structural systems (e.g., civil or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Zhilu Lai , Wei Liu , Xudong Jian , Kiran Bacsa , Limin Sun , Eleni Chatzi
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