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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds Large Language Models (LLMs) to mitigate factual hallucinations. Recent paradigms shift from static pipelines to Modular and Agentic RAG frameworks, granting models autonomy for multi-hop…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yichao Wu , Penghao Liang , Yafei Xiang , Mengwei Yuan , Jianan Liu , Jing Yang , Xianyou Li , Weiran Yan

Large language models (LLMs) have a substantial capacity for high-level analogical reasoning: reproducing patterns in linear text that occur in their training data (zero-shot evaluation) or in the provided context (few-shot in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Batu Ozturkler , Nikolay Malkin , Zhen Wang , Nebojsa Jojic

By augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with external tools, their capacity to solve complex problems has been significantly enhanced. However, despite ongoing advancements in the parsing capabilities of LLMs, incorporating all available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Hang Gao , Yongfeng Zhang

The high inference cost of Large Language Models (LLMs) poses challenges, especially for tasks requiring lengthy outputs. However, natural language often contains redundancy, which presents an opportunity for optimization. We have observed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Alfredo Garrachón Ruiz , Tomás de la Rosa , Daniel Borrajo

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional reasoning abilities, enabling strong generalization across diverse tasks such as commonsense reasoning and instruction following. However, as LLMs scale, inference costs become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rhea Sanjay Sukthanker , Benedikt Staffler , Frank Hutter , Aaron Klein

Long-range tasks demand reasoning over long inputs. However, existing solutions are limited, e.g., long-context models require large compute budgets, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) needs training data, and retrieval-augmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Dulhan Jayalath , James Bradley Wendt , Nicholas Monath , Sandeep Tata , Beliz Gunel

Tsetlin Machines (TMs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to conventional deep learning methods, offering notable advantages such as smaller memory footprint, faster inference, fault-tolerant properties, and interpretability. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Sara El Mekkaoui , Andreas Hafver , Christian Agrell

Lowering the numerical precision of model parameters and computations is widely adopted to improve the efficiency of retrieval systems. However, when computing relevance scores between the query and documents in low-precision, we observe…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kisu Yang , Yoonna Jang , Hwanseok Jang , Kenneth Choi , Isabelle Augenstein , Heuiseok Lim

Recent work on recursive architectures has shown that tiny neural networks can be surprisingly powerful on structured reasoning tasks. The trick is to model reasoning trajectories with a latent dynamical system. We argue that the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Andrew Corbett , Archit Sood , Anna Tzatzopoulou , Sai-Aakash Ramesh , Tim Dodwell

Large reasoning models (LRMs) excel on complex problems but face a critical barrier to efficiency: reinforcement learning (RL) training requires long rollouts for outcome-based rewards, where autoregressive decoding dominates time and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zeliang Zhang , Xiaodong Liu , Hao Cheng , Hao Sun , Chenliang Xu , Jianfeng Gao

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) incur substantial inference costs due to the processing of a vast number of visual tokens. Existing methods typically struggle to model progressive visual token reduction as a multi-step decision process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sihan Cao , Jianwei Zhang , Pengcheng Zheng , Jiaxin Yan , Caiyan Qin , Yalan Ye , Wei Dong , Peng Wang , Yang Yang , Chaoning Zhang

Recursive architectures such as Tiny Recursive Models (TRMs) perform implicit reasoning through iterative latent computation, yet the geometric structure of these reasoning trajectories remains poorly understood. We investigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ege Çakar , Ketan Ali Raghu , Lia Zheng

Tool use, such as web search, has become a standard capability even in freely available large language models (LLMs). However, existing benchmarks evaluate temporal reasoning mainly in static, non-tool-using settings, which poorly reflect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhengxiang Wang , Zeyu Dong

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in performing complex multi-step reasoning, yet they continue to struggle with mathematical reasoning, often making systematic errors. A promising solution is reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hanning Zhang , Pengcheng Wang , Shizhe Diao , Yong Lin , Rui Pan , Hanze Dong , Dylan Zhang , Pavlo Molchanov , Tong Zhang

Generative sequence modeling faces a fundamental tension between the expressivity of Transformers and the efficiency of linear sequence models. Existing efficient architectures are theoretically bounded by shallow, single-step linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jie Jiang , Ke Cheng , Xin Xu , Mengyang Pang , Tianhao Lu , Jiaheng Li , Yue Liu , Yuan Wang , Jun Zhang , Huan Yu , Zhouchen Lin

DEEPTHINK methods improve reasoning by generating, refining, and aggregating populations of candidate solutions, which enables strong performance on complex mathematical and scientific tasks. However, existing frameworks often lack reliable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Rituraj Sharma , Weiyuan Chen , Noah Provenzano , Tu Vu

Pruning deep neural networks is a widely used strategy to alleviate the computational burden in machine learning. Overwhelming empirical evidence suggests that pruned models retain very high accuracy even with a tiny fraction of parameters.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Viplove Arora , Daniele Irto , Sebastian Goldt , Guido Sanguinetti

Retrieval augmentation addresses many critical problems in large language models such as hallucination, staleness, and privacy leaks. However, running retrieval-augmented language models (LMs) is slow and difficult to scale due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Qingqing Cao , Sewon Min , Yizhong Wang , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on complex reasoning tasks by generating multiple chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, but using a fixed token budget per query leads to over-computation on easy inputs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Katrina Brown , Aneesh Muppidi , Rana Shahout

LLMs are increasingly used as general-purpose reasoners, but long inputs remain bottlenecked by a fixed context window. Recursive Language Models (RLMs) address this by externalising the prompt and recursively solving subproblems. Yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Amartya Roy , Rasul Tutunov , Xiaotong Ji , Matthieu Zimmer , Haitham Bou-Ammar