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We present a simple proof for the universality of invariant and equivariant tensorized graph neural networks. Our approach considers a restricted intermediate hypothetical model named Graph Homomorphism Model to reach the universality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Takanori Maehara , Hoang NT

We present an infinite sequence of finite graphs with trivial automorphism group and non-trivial quantum automorphism group. These are the first known examples of graphs with this property. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, these are…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Josse van Dobben de Bruyn , David E. Roberson , Simon Schmidt

The unitary evolution maps in closed chaotic quantum graphs are known to have universal spectral correlations, as predicted by random matrix theory. In chaotic graphs with absorption the quantum maps become non-unitary. We show that their…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2013-08-13 Boris Gutkin , Vladimir Al. Osipov

We extend the notion of graph homomorphism to cellularly embedded graphs (maps) by designing operations on vertices and edges that respect the surface topology; we thus obtain the first definition of map homomorphism that preserves both the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-08 Delia Garijo , Andrew Goodall , Lluís Vena

Using the simulation paradigm in information theory, we define notions of quantum hypergraph homomorphisms and quantum hypergraph isomorphisms, and show that they constitute partial orders and equivalence relations, respectively.…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-11-10 Gage Hoefer , Ivan G. Todorov

Quantum graphs have been introduced by Duan, Severini, and Winter to describe the zero-error behaviour of quantum channels. Since then, quantum graph theory has become a field of study in its own right. A substantial source of difficulty in…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Gian Luca Spitzer , Ion Nechita

This article deals with homomorphisms of oriented graphs with respect to push equivalence. Here homomorphisms refer to arc preserving vertex mappings, and push equivalence refers to the equivalence class of orientations of a graph $G$ those…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-28 Tapas Das , Pavan P D , Sagnik Sen , S Taruni

We introduce the notion of universal graphs as a tool for constructing algorithms solving games of infinite duration such as parity games and mean payoff games. In the first part we develop the theory of universal graphs, with two goals:…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Thomas Colcombet , Nathanaël Fijalkow , Paweł Gawrychowski , Pierre Ohlmann

Irreversibility is introduced to quantum graphs by coupling the graphs to a bath of harmonic oscillators. The interaction which is linear in the harmonic oscillator amplitudes is localized at the vertices. It is shown that for sufficiently…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-10 Uzy Smilansky

The study of graph C*-algebras has a long history in operator algebras. Surprisingly, their quantum symmetries have never been computed so far. We close this gap by proving that the quantum automorphism group of a finite, directed graph…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2018-05-07 Simon Schmidt , Moritz Weber

In the flavour of categorical quantum mechanics, we extend nonlocal games to allow quantum questions and answers, using quantum sets (special symmetric dagger Frobenius algebras) and the quantum functions of Musto, Reutter, and Verdon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Adina Goldberg

Quantum walks on graphs have shown prioritized benefits and applications in wide areas. In some scenarios, however, it may be more natural and accurate to mandate high-order relationships for hypergraphs, due to the density of information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-26 Ying Liu , Jiabin Yuan , Bojia Duan , Dan Li

Graph states provide a powerful framework for describing multipartite entanglement in quantum information science. In their standard formulation, graph states are generated by controlled-$Z$ interactions and naturally encode symmetric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Matheus R. de Jesus , Eduardo O. C. Hoefel , Renato M. Angelo

We examine ordered graphs, defined as graphs with linearly ordered vertices, from the perspective of homomorphisms (and colorings) and their complexities. We demonstrate the corresponding computational and parameterized complexities, along…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Michal Čertík , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Jaroslav Nešetřil , Paweł Rzążewski

We introduce the concept of regular quantum graphs and construct connected quantum graphs with discrete symmetries. The method is based on a decomposition of the quantum propagator in terms of permutation matrices which control the way…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-06-13 Simone Severini , Gregor Tanner

Quantum supermaps are transformations that map quantum operations to quantum operations. It is known that quantum supermaps which respect a definite, predefined causal order between their input operations correspond to fixed-order quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-21 Julian Wechs , Hippolyte Dourdent , Alastair A. Abbott , Cyril Branciard

We consider the definition of quantum walks on directed graphs. Call a directed graph reversible if, for each pair of vertices (i, j), if i is connected to j then there is a path from j to i. We show that reversibility is a necessary and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ashley Montanaro

Homomorphically full graphs are those for which every homomorphic image is isomorphic to a subgraph. We extend the definition of homomorphically full to oriented graphs in two different ways. For the first of these, we show that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Thomas Bellitto , Christopher Duffy , Gary MacGillivray

The consistent histories approach to quantum mechanics is traditionally based on linearly ordered sequences of events. We extend the histories formalism to sets of events whose causal ordering is described by directed acyclic graphs. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 R. F. Blute , I. T. Ivanov , P. Panangaden

We undertake a study of the notion of a quantum graph over arbitrary finite-dimensional $C^*$-algebras $B$ equipped with arbitrary faithful states. Quantum graphs are realised principally as either certain operators on $L^2(B)$, the quantum…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Matthew Daws