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Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown astounding capabilities of code understanding and synthesis. In order to assess such capabilities, several benchmarks have been devised (e.g., HumanEval). However, most benchmarks focus on code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Julian Aron Prenner , Romain Robbes

Instruction tuning large language models (LLMs) remains a challenging task, owing to the complexity of hyperparameter selection and the difficulty involved in evaluating the tuned models. To determine the optimal hyperparameters, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Yidong Wang , Zhuohao Yu , Zhengran Zeng , Linyi Yang , Cunxiang Wang , Hao Chen , Chaoya Jiang , Rui Xie , Jindong Wang , Xing Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang , Yue Zhang

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), solving complex reasoning tasks has gained increasing attention. Inference-time computation methods (e.g., Best-of-N, beam search, et al.) are particularly valuable as they can enhance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Fan Liu , Wenshuo Chao , Naiqiang Tan , Hao Liu

The increasing versatility of language models (LMs) has given rise to a new class of benchmarks that comprehensively assess a broad range of capabilities. Such benchmarks are associated with massive computational costs, extending to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yotam Perlitz , Elron Bandel , Ariel Gera , Ofir Arviv , Liat Ein-Dor , Eyal Shnarch , Noam Slonim , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer , Leshem Choshen

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) offer a compelling alternative to Auto-Regressive models, but their deployment is constrained by high decoding cost. In this work, we identify a key inefficiency in DLLM decoding: while computation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Kaihua Liang , Xin Tan , An Zhong , Hong Xu , Marco Canini

Code review is a cornerstone of software quality assurance, and recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in its automation. However, existing benchmarks for LLM-based code review face three major limitations. Lack…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ruida Hu , Xinchen Wang , Xin-Cheng Wen , Zhao Zhang , Bo Jiang , Pengfei Gao , Chao Peng , Cuiyun Gao

Effective document reranking is essential for improving search relevance across diverse applications. While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reranking due to their deep semantic understanding and reasoning, their high computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dimitar Peshevski , Kiril Blazhevski , Martin Popovski , Gjorgji Madjarov

Grounding large language models (LLMs) in external knowledge sources is a promising method for faithful prediction. While existing grounding approaches work well for simple queries, many real-world information needs require synthesizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Cheng Jiayang , Qianqian Zhuang , Haoran Li , Chunkit Chan , Xin Liu , Lin Qiu , Yangqiu Song

The importance of tuning hyperparameters in Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) is established through empirical research and applications, evident from the increase in new hyperparameter optimization (HPO) algorithms and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Anton Geburek , Neeratyoy Mallik , Danny Stoll , Xavier Bouthillier , Frank Hutter

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant utility in real-world applications, exhibiting impressive capabilities in natural language processing and understanding. Benchmark evaluations are crucial for assessing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenbo Zhang , Hengrui Cai , Wenyu Chen

The parameter counts of the most widely used large language models (LLMs) are often withheld by their developers, leaving model size -- a primary reference point for interpreting capabilities and costs -- largely undisclosed. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ivica Nikolic

Accurate determination of the performance of parallel GPU code typically requires execution-time profiling on target hardware -- an increasingly prohibitive step due to limited access to high-end GPUs. This paper explores whether Large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Gregory Bolet , Giorgis Georgakoudis , Harshitha Menon , Konstantinos Parasyris , Niranjan Hasabnis , Hayden Estes , Kirk W. Cameron , Gal Oren

We introduce benchmark signatures to characterize the capacity demands of LLM benchmarks and their overlaps. Signatures are sets of salient tokens from in-the-wild corpora whose model token perplexity, reflecting training exposure, predicts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Siyang Wu , Honglin Bao , Sida Li , Ari Holtzman , James A. Evans

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in settings where the available context is incomplete or degraded. We argue that an LLM generating answers under incomplete context can be viewed as an implicit imputer, and evaluated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Stef van Buuren

LLMs often struggle with memory-constrained deployment on consumer-grade hardware due to their massive parameter sizes. While existing solutions such as model compression and offloading improve deployment feasibility, they often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Shen Xu , Xiangwen Zhuge , Zhe Xu , Yingkun Hu , Zheng Yang , Yunhao Liu

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly capable and widely adopted, benchmarks play a central role in assessing their practical utility. For example, SWE-Bench Verified has emerged as a critical benchmark for evaluating LLMs'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shanchao Liang , Spandan Garg , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs, characterized by their sparse activation patterns, offer a promising approach to scaling language models while avoiding proportionally increasing the inference cost. However, their large parameter sizes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yichao Yuan , Lin Ma , Nishil Talati

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have risen in prominence over the past few years, there has been concern over the potential biases in LLMs inherited from the training data. Previous studies have examined how LLMs exhibit implicit bias, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Lake Yin , Fan Huang

LLM inference exhibits substantial variability across queries and execution phases, yet inference configurations are often applied uniformly. We present a measurement-driven characterization of workload heterogeneity and energy-performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Paul Joe Maliakel , Shashikant Ilager , Ivona Brandic

Large language models are increasingly deployed across diverse applications. This often includes tasks LLMs have not encountered during training. This implies that enumerating and obtaining the high-quality training data for all tasks is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Shambhavi Krishna , Atharva Naik , Chaitali Agarwal , Sudharshan Govindan , Taesung Lee , Haw-Shiuan Chang