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Real-world natural language processing systems need to be robust to human adversaries. Collecting examples of human adversaries for training is an effective but expensive solution. On the other hand, training on synthetic attacks with small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Aradhana Sinha , Ananth Balashankar , Ahmad Beirami , Thi Avrahami , Jilin Chen , Alex Beutel

Current large language models (LLMs) are constrained by human-derived training data and limited by a single level of abstraction that impedes definitive truth judgments. This paper introduces a novel framework in which AI models…

Making language models bigger does not inherently make them better at following a user's intent. For example, large language models can generate outputs that are untruthful, toxic, or simply not helpful to the user. In other words, these…

To prevent misinformation and social issues arising from trustworthy-looking content generated by LLMs, it is crucial to develop efficient and reliable methods for identifying the source of texts. Previous approaches have demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Fangqi Dai , Xingjian Jiang , Zizhuang Deng

How many mistakes do published AI papers contain? Peer-reviewed publications form the foundation upon which new research and knowledge are built. Errors that persist in the literature can propagate unnoticed, creating confusion in follow-up…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Federico Bianchi , Yongchan Kwon , Zachary Izzo , Linjun Zhang , James Zou

Many recent advances in natural language generation have been fueled by training large language models on internet-scale data. However, this paradigm can lead to models that generate toxic, inaccurate, and unhelpful content, and automatic…

Generative models often use human evaluations to measure the perceived quality of their outputs. Automated metrics are noisy indirect proxies, because they rely on heuristics or pretrained embeddings. However, up until now, direct human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Sharon Zhou , Mitchell L. Gordon , Ranjay Krishna , Austin Narcomey , Li Fei-Fei , Michael S. Bernstein

The rapid improvement of language models has raised the specter of abuse of text generation systems. This progress motivates the development of simple methods for detecting generated text that can be used by and explained to non-experts. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Sebastian Gehrmann , Hendrik Strobelt , Alexander M. Rush

Text-based person anomaly retrieval has emerged as a challenging task, with most existing approaches relying on complex deep-learning techniques. This raises a research question: How can the model be optimized to achieve greater…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Tien-Huy Nguyen , Huu-Loc Tran , Huu-Phong Phan-Nguyen , Quang-Vinh Dinh

Modeling complex subjective tasks in Natural Language Processing, such as recognizing emotion and morality, is considerably challenging due to significant variation in human annotations. This variation often reflects reasonable differences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Georgios Chochlakis , Peter Wu , Arjun Bedi , Marcus Ma , Kristina Lerman , Shrikanth Narayanan

Significant progress has been made on text generation by pre-trained language models (PLMs), yet distinguishing between human and machine-generated text poses an escalating challenge. This paper offers an in-depth evaluation of three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Muhammad Farid Adilazuarda

The rapid progress of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies has led to the widespread availability and effectiveness of text generation tools such as ChatGPT and Claude. While highly useful, these technologies also pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chao Zhou , Cheng Qiu , Lizhen Liang , Daniel E. Acuna

Computer generated academic papers have been used to expose a lack of thorough human review at several computer science conferences. We assess the problem of classifying such documents. After identifying and evaluating several quantifiable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-08-05 Allen Lavoie , Mukkai Krishnamoorthy

Large language models are widely deployed in high-stakes NLP tasks, yet risks such as bias, hallucination, adversarial vulnerability and unreliable generalization remain. Probe-based auditing reveals inconsistencies in model behavior.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Most. Sharmin Sultana Samu , MD. Tanvir Ahmed Seum , Md. Rakibul Islam

In recent years, there has been a rapid proliferation of AI-generated text, primarily driven by the release of powerful pre-trained language models (PLMs). To address the issue of misuse associated with AI-generated text, various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Tharindu Kumarage , Paras Sheth , Raha Moraffah , Joshua Garland , Huan Liu

Evaluating the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in following instructions has heavily relied on a powerful LLM as the judge, introducing unresolved biases that deviate the judgments from human judges. In this work, we reevaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xinxi Lyu , Yizhong Wang , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Pradeep Dasigi

Detecting AI-involved text is essential for combating misinformation, plagiarism, and academic misconduct. However, AI text generation includes diverse collaborative processes (AI-written text edited by humans, human-written text edited by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yongxin He , Shan Zhang , Yixuan Cao , Lei Ma , Ping Luo

The ability to reliably distinguish human-written text from that generated by large language models is of profound societal importance. The dominant approach to this problem exploits the likelihood hypothesis: that machine-generated text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Tom Kempton , Viktor Drobnyi , Maeve Madigan , Stuart Burrell

Existing automated research systems operate as stateless, linear pipelines -- generating outputs without maintaining any persistent understanding of the research landscape they navigate. They process papers sequentially, propose ideas…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yunbo Long

With the advances of deep learning techniques, text generation is attracting increasing interest in the artificial intelligence (AI) community, because of its wide applications and because it is an essential component of AI. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Lili Mou