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Discovering functional crystalline materials entails navigating an immense combinatorial design space. While recent advances in generative artificial intelligence have enabled the sampling of chemically plausible compositions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hyunsoo Park , Aron Walsh

Recent advancements in diffusion models have revolutionized generative modeling. However, the impressive and vivid outputs they produce often come at the cost of significant model scaling and increased computational demands. Consequently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Jincheng Zhong , Xiangcheng Zhang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

This paper presents the framework \textbf{GUARD} (\textbf{G}uided robot control via \textbf{U}ncertainty attribution and prob\textbf{A}bilistic kernel optimization for \textbf{R}isk-aware \textbf{D}ecision making) that combines traditional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Johannes A. Gaus , Junheon Yoon , Woo-Jeong Baek , Seungwon Choi , Suhan Park , Jaeheung Park

Efficient exploration remains a challenging problem in reinforcement learning, especially for those tasks where rewards from environments are sparse. A commonly used approach for exploring such environments is to introduce some "intrinsic"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Neale Ratzlaff , Qinxun Bai , Li Fuxin , Wei Xu

The optimization of bidding strategies for online advertising slot auctions presents a critical challenge across numerous digital marketplaces. A significant obstacle to the development, evaluation, and refinement of real-time autobidding…

Due to the trial-and-error nature, it is typically challenging to apply RL algorithms to safety-critical real-world applications, such as autonomous driving, human-robot interaction, robot manipulation, etc, where such errors are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Weiye Zhao , Yifan Sun , Feihan Li , Rui Chen , Ruixuan Liu , Tianhao Wei , Changliu Liu

Many applications in machine learning require optimizing a function whose true gradient is unknown, but where surrogate gradient information (directions that may be correlated with, but not necessarily identical to, the true gradient) is…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Niru Maheswaranathan , Luke Metz , George Tucker , Dami Choi , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

Recent advances in reinforcement learning have inspired increasing interest in learning user modeling adaptively through dynamic interactions, e.g., in reinforcement learning based recommender systems. Reward function is crucial for most of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Xiaocong Chen , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Aixin Sun , Wenjie Zhang , Quan Z. Sheng

In this study, we apply reinforcement learning techniques and propose what we call reinforcement mechanism design to tackle the dynamic pricing problem in sponsored search auctions. In contrast to previous game-theoretical approaches that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Weiran Shen , Binghui Peng , Hanpeng Liu , Michael Zhang , Ruohan Qian , Yan Hong , Zhi Guo , Zongyao Ding , Pengjun Lu , Pingzhong Tang

Highway on-ramp merging is of great challenge for autonomous vehicles (AVs), since they have to proactively interact with surrounding vehicles to enter the main road safely within limited time. However, existing decision-making algorithms…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Haolin Liu , Zijun Guo , Yanbo Chen , Jiaqi Chen , Huilong Yu , Junqiang Xi

We formalize Rollout Informativeness under a Fixed Budget (RIFB) as the expected non-vanishing policy-gradient mass that a tool-use rollout set injects into Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). We prove that any budget-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Yuelin Hu , Zhenbo Yu , Zhengxue Cheng , Wei Liu , Li Song

World models are increasingly pivotal in interpreting and simulating the rules and actions of complex environments. Genie, a recent model, excels at learning from visually diverse environments but relies on costly human-collected data. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Naser Kazemi , Nedko Savov , Danda Paudel , Luc Van Gool

Traditional curriculum learning proceeds from easy to hard samples, yet defining a reliable notion of difficulty remains elusive. Prior work has used submodular functions to induce difficulty scores in curriculum learning. We reinterpret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Prateek Chanda , Prayas Agrawal , Saral Sureka , Lokesh Reddy Polu , Atharv Kshirsagar , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Safety mechanisms for diffusion and flow models have recently been developed along two distinct paths. In robot planning, control barrier functions are employed to guide generative trajectories away from obstacles at every denoising step by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mingyu Kim , Young-Heon Kim , Mijung Park

Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) have emerged as a promising non-autoregressive paradigm for generative tasks, offering parallel decoding and bidirectional context utilization. However, current sampling methods rely on simple confidence-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Shreshth Saini , Avinab Saha , Balu Adsumilli , Neil Birkbeck , Yilin Wang , Alan C. Bovik

Unexpected advertising items in sponsored search may reduce users' reliance on organic search, resulting in hidden cost for the e-commerce platform. To address this problem and promote sustainable growth, we propose a dynamic reserve price…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mang Li

Urban demand forecasting plays a critical role in optimizing routing, dispatching, and congestion management within Intelligent Transportation Systems. By leveraging data fusion and analytics techniques, traffic demand forecasting serves as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Antonios Tziorvas , George S. Theodoropoulos , Yannis Theodoridis

Flow-based generative models have become a strong framework for high-quality generative modeling, yet pretrained models are rarely used in their vanilla conditional form: conditional samples without guidance often appear diffuse and lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Runlong Liao , Jian Yu , Baiyu Su , Chi Zhang , Lizhang Chen , Qiang Liu

Recent breakthroughs in autonomous driving have been propelled by advances in robust world modeling, fundamentally transforming how vehicles interpret dynamic scenes and execute safe decision-making. World models have emerged as a linchpin…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Tuo Feng , Wenguan Wang , Yi Yang

Two fundamental challenges face generative models in engineering applications: the acquisition of high-performing, diverse datasets, and the adherence to precise constraints in generated designs. We propose a novel approach combining…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Adam Gaier , James Stoddart , Lorenzo Villaggi , Shyam Sudhakaran