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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to solve a wide range of practical tasks within multi-agent systems. However, existing human-designed multi-agent frameworks are typically limited to a small set of pre-defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yaolun Zhang , Xiaogeng Liu , Chaowei Xiao

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) face two fundamental limitations: excessive token consumption when overanalyzing simple information processing tasks, and inability to access up-to-date knowledge beyond their training data. We introduce MARS…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Guoxin Chen , Zile Qiao , Wenqing Wang , Donglei Yu , Xuanzhong Chen , Hao Sun , Minpeng Liao , Kai Fan , Yong Jiang , Penguin Xie , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ruihua Song , Fei Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as reasoning systems, where reasoning paradigms - such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and multi-agent systems (MAS) - play a critical role, yet their relative effectiveness and cost-accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yapeng Li , Jiakuo Yu , Zhixin Liu , Xinnan Liu , Jing Yu , Songze Li , Tonghua Su

Answering complex medical questions requires not only domain expertise and patient-specific information, but also structured and multi-perspective reasoning. Existing multi-agent approaches often rely on fixed roles or shallow interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Siqi Ma , Jiajie Huang , Fan Zhang , Yue Shen , Jinlin Wu , Guohui Fan , Zhu Zhang , Zelin Zang

Memory-augmented LLM agents maintain external memory banks to support long-horizon interaction, yet most existing systems treat construction, retrieval, and utilization as isolated subroutines. This creates two coupled challenges: strategic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Minhua Lin , Zhiwei Zhang , Hanqing Lu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities in mathematical and scientific tasks. To enhance complex reasoning, multi-agent systems have been proposed to harness the collective intelligence of LLM agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Yang Li , Swastik Roy , Weijie Guan , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Most existing prompting methods suffer from the issues of generalizability and consistency, as they often rely on instance-specific solutions that may not be applicable to other instances and lack task-level consistency across the selected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Chang Gao , Haiyun Jiang , Deng Cai , Shuming Shi , Wai Lam

Evaluating policies using off-policy data is crucial for applying reinforcement learning to real-world problems such as healthcare and autonomous driving. Previous methods for off-policy evaluation (OPE) generally suffer from high variance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Shreyas Chaudhari , Ameet Deshpande , Bruno Castro da Silva , Philip S. Thomas

Multi-agent systems perform well on general reasoning tasks. However, the lack of training in specialized areas hinders their accuracy. Current training methods train a unified large language model (LLM) for all agents in the system. This…

Achieving expert-level performance in simulation-based training relies on the creation of complex, adaptable scenarios, a traditionally laborious and resource intensive process. Although prior research explored scenario generation for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Soham Hans , Volkan Ustun , Benjamin Nye , James Sterrett , Matthew Green

Autonomous agent frameworks still struggle to reconcile long-term experiential learning with real-time, context-sensitive decision-making. In practice, this gap appears as static cognition, rigid workflow dependence, and inefficient context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xiaoxing Wang , Ning Liao , Shikun Wei , Chen Tang , Feiyu Xiong

The emergence of multi-agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) has unlocked new frontiers in complex task-solving, enabling diverse agents to integrate unique expertise, collaborate flexibly, and address challenges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jingbo Wang , Sendong Zhao , Haochun Wang , Yuzheng Fan , Lizhe Zhang , Yan Liu , Ting Liu

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have recently shown impressive capabilities in complex reasoning and tool use via multi-step interactions with their environments. While these agents have the potential to tackle complicated tasks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiaye Lin , Yifu Guo , Yuzhen Han , Sen Hu , Ziyi Ni , Licheng Wang , Mingguang Chen , Hongzhang Liu , Ronghao Chen , Yangfan He , Daxin Jiang , Binxing Jiao , Chen Hu , Huacan Wang

Multi-agent systems have extended the capability of agentic AI. Instead of single inference passes, multiple agents perform collective reasoning to derive high quality answers. However, existing multi-agent orchestration relies on static…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Chaoyi Ruan , Yiliang Wang , Ziji Shi , Jialin Li

The development of autonomous agents for complex, long-horizon tasks is a central goal in AI. However, dominant training paradigms face a critical limitation: reinforcement learning (RL) methods that optimize solely for final task success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zijing Zhang , Ziyang Chen , Mingxiao Li , Zhaopeng Tu , Xiaolong Li

While reasoning has become a central capability of large language models (LLMs), the reasoning patterns required for different scenarios are often misaligned. Mathematical reasoning typically relies on intrinsic logic to solve closed-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Junjian Wang , Xin Zhou , Qiran Xu , Kun Zhan

PET theranostics is transforming precision oncology, yet treatment response varies substantially; many patients receiving 177Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) fail to respond,…

We present MA-RAG, a Multi-Agent framework for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) that addresses the inherent ambiguities and reasoning challenges in complex information-seeking tasks. Unlike conventional RAG methods that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Thang Nguyen , Peter Chin , Yu-Wing Tai

AI Agents can perform complex operations at great speed, but just like all the humans we have ever hired, their intelligence remains fallible. Miscommunications aren't noticed, systemic biases have no counter-action, and inner monologues…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Gopal Vijayaraghavan , Prasanth Jayachandran , Arun Murthy , Sunil Govindan , Vivek Subramanian

The integration of Large Language Models into Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has enabled the so-lution of complex, long-horizon tasks through collaborative reasoning. However, this collec-tive intelligence is inherently fragile, as a single…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xinkui Zhao , Sai Liu , Yifan Zhang , Qingyu Ma , Guanjie Cheng , Naibo Wang , Chang Liu