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Sequential test-time scaling is a promising training-free method to improve large reasoning model accuracy, but as currently implemented, significant limitations have been observed. Inducing models to think for longer can increase their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Michael R. Metel , Yufei Cui , Boxing Chen , Prasanna Parthasarathi

Adapting a pretrained diffusion model to new objectives at inference time remains an open problem in generative modeling. Existing steering methods suffer from inaccurate value estimation, especially at high noise levels, which biases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Vineet Jain , Kusha Sareen , Mohammad Pedramfar , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

Non-autoregressive models greatly improve decoding speed over typical sequence-to-sequence models, but suffer from degraded performance. Infilling and iterative refinement models make up some of this gap by editing the outputs of a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-28 Ethan A. Chi , Julian Salazar , Katrin Kirchhoff

Diffusion models have been used as priors for solving inverse problems. However, existing approaches typically overlook side information that could significantly improve reconstruction quality, especially in severely ill-posed settings. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mahdi Farahbakhsh , Vishnu Teja Kunde , Dileep Kalathil , Krishna Narayanan , Jean-Francois Chamberland

Test-time scaling (TTS) has gained widespread attention for enhancing LLM reasoning. Existing approaches such as Best-of-N and majority voting are limited as their performance depends on the quality of candidate responses, making them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Qibin Wang , Pu Zhao , Shaohan Huang , Fangkai Yang , Lu Wang , Furu Wei , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Diffusion models have demonstrated strong generative performance; however, generated samples often fail to fully align with human intent. This paper studies a test-time scaling method that enables sampling from regions with higher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yeongmin Kim , Donghyeok Shin , Byeonghu Na , Minsang Park , Richard Lee Kim , Il-Chul Moon

The recent success of inference-time scaling in large language models has inspired similar explorations in video diffusion. In particular, motivated by the existence of "golden noise" that enhances video quality, prior work has attempted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zengqun Zhao , Ziquan Liu , Yu Cao , Shaogang Gong , Zhensong Zhang , Jifei Song , Jiankang Deng , Ioannis Patras

The predominant approach to advancing text-to-image generation has been training-time scaling, where larger models are trained on more data using greater computational resources. While effective, this approach is computationally expensive,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shufan Li , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Akash Gokul , Arsh Koneru , Yusuke Kato , Kazuki Kozuka , Aditya Grover

Pseudo-labeling has recently shown promise in end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR). We study Iterative Pseudo-Labeling (IPL), a semi-supervised algorithm which efficiently performs multiple iterations of pseudo-labeling on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Qiantong Xu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Jacob Kahn , Awni Hannun , Gabriel Synnaeve , Ronan Collobert

Diffusion models are widely used for generative tasks across domains. Given a pre-trained diffusion model, it is often desirable to fine-tune it further either to correct for errors in learning or to align with downstream applications.…

Non-regular sampling can reduce aliasing at the expense of noise. Recently, it has been shown that non-regular sampling can be carried out using a conventional regular imaging sensor when the surface of its individual pixels is partially…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-02 Simon Grosche , Jürgen Seiler , André Kaup

Diffusion model-based image restoration (IR) aims to use diffusion models to recover high-quality (HQ) images from degraded images, achieving promising performance. Due to the inherent property of diffusion models, most existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jiezhang Cao , Yue Shi , Kai Zhang , Yulun Zhang , Radu Timofte , Luc Van Gool

Traditional source separation approaches train deep neural network models end-to-end with all the data available at once by minimizing the empirical risk on the whole training set. On the inference side, after training the model, the user…

Recent text-to-image diffusion models achieve impressive visual quality through extensive scaling of training data and model parameters, yet they often struggle with complex scenes and fine-grained details. Inspired by the self-reflection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Le Zhuo , Liangbing Zhao , Sayak Paul , Yue Liao , Renrui Zhang , Yi Xin , Peng Gao , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Hongsheng Li

Modern large language models (LLMs) are often evaluated and deployed under a one-shot, greedy inference protocol, especially in professional settings that require deterministic behavior. This regime can systematically under-estimate a fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xinhai Sun

Autoregressive (AR) models remain the standard for natural language generation but still suffer from high latency due to strictly sequential decoding. Recent diffusion-inspired approaches, such as LlaDA and Dream, mitigate this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Qinglin Zhu , Yizhen Yao , Runcong Zhao , Yanzheng Xiang , Amrutha Saseendran , Chen Jin , Philip Teare , Bin Liang , Yulan He , Lin Gui

Language model (LM) post-training relies on two stages of human supervision: task demonstrations for supervised finetuning (SFT), followed by preference comparisons for reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). As LMs become more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Yaowen Ye , Cassidy Laidlaw , Jacob Steinhardt

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is an integral component of modern technology, powering applications such as voice-activated assistants, transcription services, and accessibility tools. Yet ASR systems continue to struggle with the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Mohammad Reza Peyghan , Saman Soleimani Roudi , Saeedreza Zouashkiani , Sajjad Amini , Fatemeh Rajabi , Shahrokh Ghaemmaghami

Diffusion models are powerful tools for sampling from high-dimensional distributions by progressively transforming pure noise into structured data through a denoising process. When equipped with a guidance mechanism, these models can also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Saeed Mohseni-Sehdeh , Walid Saad , Kei Sakaguchi , Tao Yu

Deep learning approaches to optical flow estimation have seen rapid progress over the recent years. One common trait of many networks is that they refine an initial flow estimate either through multiple stages or across the levels of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Junhwa Hur , Stefan Roth
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