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We consider the problem of learning the underlying causal structure among a set of variables, which are assumed to follow a Bayesian network or, more specifically, a linear recursive structural equation model (SEM) with the associated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Anamitra Chaudhuri , Anirban Bhattacharya , Yang Ni

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are commonly used to represent causal relationships among random variables in graphical models. Applications of these models arise in the study of physical, as well as biological systems, where directed edges…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-12-01 Ali Shojaie , George Michailidis

Uncovering hidden graph structures underlying real-world data is a critical challenge with broad applications across scientific domains. Recently, transformer-based models leveraging the attention mechanism have demonstrated strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yuan Cheng , Yu Huang , Zhe Xiong , Yingbin Liang , Vincent Y. F. Tan

Nonconvex and structured optimization problems arise in many engineering applications that demand scalable and distributed solution methods. The study of the convergence properties of these methods is in general difficult due to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-05-04 Sindri Magnússon , Pradeep Chathuranga Weeraddana , Michael G. Rabbat , Carlo Fischione

We propose a joint order-based scoring framework for causal structure learning of directed acyclic graph (DAG) models under heterogeneous data settings. We show that leveraging heterogeneity improves the accuracy of causal ordering…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-18 Hyunwoong Chang , Fariha Taskin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in complex reasoning problems. Their effectiveness highly depends on the specific nature of the task, especially the required domain knowledge. Existing approaches, such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jiangwen Dong , Zehui Lin , Wanyu Lin , Mingjin Zhang

Recently continuous relaxations have been proposed in order to learn Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) from data by backpropagation, instead of using combinatorial optimization. However, a number of techniques for fully discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Andrew J. Wren , Pasquale Minervini , Luca Franceschi , Valentina Zantedeschi

We develop a novel convolutional architecture tailored for learning from data defined over directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). DAGs can be used to model causal relationships among variables, but their nilpotent adjacency matrices pose unique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Samuel Rey , Hamed Ajorlou , Gonzalo Mateos

Learning a causal directed acyclic graph from data is a challenging task that involves solving a combinatorial problem for which the solution is not always identifiable. A new line of work reformulates this problem as a continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Philippe Brouillard , Sébastien Lachapelle , Alexandre Lacoste , Simon Lacoste-Julien , Alexandre Drouin

The structure learning problem consists of fitting data generated by a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to correctly reconstruct its arcs. In this context, differentiable approaches constrain or regularize the optimization problem using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Riccardo Massidda , Francesco Landolfi , Martina Cinquini , Davide Bacciu

Convex optimization is an essential tool for modern data analysis, as it provides a framework to formulate and solve many problems in machine learning and data mining. However, general convex optimization solvers do not scale well, and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-07-02 David Hallac , Jure Leskovec , Stephen Boyd

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are solid structures used to describe and infer the dependencies among variables in multivariate scenarios. Having a thorough comprehension of the accurate DAG-generating model is crucial for causal discovery…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-09 S. Nazari , M. Arashi , A. Sadeghkhani

The causal dependence in data is often characterized by Directed Acyclic Graphical (DAG) models, widely used in many areas. Causal discovery aims to recover the DAG structure using observational data. This paper focuses on causal discovery…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Boxin Zhao , Weishi Wang , Dingyuan Zhu , Ziqi Liu , Dong Wang , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Mladen Kolar

Bayesian networks, with structure given by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), are a popular class of graphical models. However, learning Bayesian networks from discrete or categorical data is particularly challenging, due to the large…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-06 Jiaying Gu , Fei Fu , Qing Zhou

Recovering the underlying Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structures from observational data presents a formidable challenge, partly due to the combinatorial nature of the DAG-constrained optimization problem. Recently, researchers have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zhen Zhang , Ignavier Ng , Dong Gong , Yuhang Liu , Mingming Gong , Biwei Huang , Kun Zhang , Anton van den Hengel , Javen Qinfeng Shi

We consider the problem of estimating differences in two Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) which are known to have similar structure. The GGM structure is encoded in its precision (inverse covariance) matrix. In many applications one is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-19 Jitendra K Tugnait

We propose an empirical Bayes formulation of the structure learning problem, where the prior specification assumes that all node variables have the same error variance, an assumption known to ensure the identifiability of the underlying…

Computation · Statistics 2023-08-17 Hyunwoong Chang , James Cai , Quan Zhou

Mainly motivated by the problem of modelling directional dependence relationships for multivariate count data in high-dimensional settings, we present a new algorithm, called learnDAG, for learning the structure of directed acyclic graphs…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-10 Thi Kim Hue Nguyen , Monica Chiogna , Davide Risso

Our motivation stems from current medical research aiming at personalized treatment using a molecular-based approach. The broad goal is to develop a more precise and targeted decision making process, relative to traditional treatments based…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-27 Federico Castelletti , Guido Consonni

We develop a framework for learning sparse nonparametric directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from data. Our approach is based on a recent algebraic characterization of DAGs that led to a fully continuous program for score-based learning of DAG…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-25 Xun Zheng , Chen Dan , Bryon Aragam , Pradeep Ravikumar , Eric P. Xing