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Solving partial differential equations (PDE) is an indispensable part of many branches of science as many processes can be modelled in terms of PDEs. However, recent numerical solvers require manual discretization of the underlying equation…

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) solve physical systems by incorporating governing partial differential equations directly into neural network training. In electromagnetism, where well-established methodologies such as FDTD and FEM…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Nilufer K. Bulut

Differential equations are indispensable to engineering and hence to innovation. In recent years, physics-informed neural networks (PINN) have emerged as a novel method for solving differential equations. PINN method has the advantage of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Mayank Raj , Pramod Kumbhar , Ratna Kumar Annabattula

A significant advancement in Neural Network (NN) research is the integration of domain-specific knowledge through custom loss functions. This approach addresses a crucial challenge: how can models utilize physics or mathematical principles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Seyedeh Azadeh Fallah Mortezanejad , Ruochen Wang , Ali Mohammad-Djafari

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently become a popular method for solving forward and inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). By incorporating the residual of the PDE into the loss function of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Saviz Mowlavi , Saleh Nabi

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws into the loss function. In parameterized PDE families, variations in coefficients or boundary/initial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Beomchul Park , Minsu Koh , Heejo Kong , Seong-Whan Lee

We propose a stochastic projection-based gradient free physics-informed neural network. The proposed approach, referred to as the stochastic projection based physics informed neural network (SP-PINN), blends upscaled stochastic projection…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Navaneeth N , Souvik Chakraborty

Machine learning (ML) techniques have recently gained significant attention for solving compliance minimization (CM) problems. However, these methods typically provide poor feature boundaries, are very expensive, and lack a systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiangyu Sun , Amin Yousefpour , Shirin Hosseinmardi , Ramin Bostanabad

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a powerful class of numerical solvers for partial differential equations, employing deep neural networks with successful applications across a diverse set of problems. However, their…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-18 Tianhao Hu , Bangti Jin , Zhi Zhou

Physics-informed neural networks have shown significant potential in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) across diverse scientific fields. However, their performance often deteriorates when addressing PDEs with intricate and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Nanxi Chen , Chuanjie Cui , Rujin Ma , Airong Chen , Sifan Wang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and hybrid quantum-classical extensions provide a promising framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws directly into the learning process. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Ban Q. Tran , Nahid Binandeh Dehaghani , A. Pedro Aguiar , Rafal Wisniewski , Susan Mengel

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) effectively embed physical principles into machine learning, but often struggle with complex or alternating geometries. We propose a novel method for integrating geometric transformations within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Samuel Burbulla

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a class of deep learning models that utilize physics in the form of differential equations to address complex problems, including those with limited data availability. However, solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Himanshu Pandey , Anshima Singh , Ratikanta Behera

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a newly emerging research frontier in machine learning, which incorporate certain physical laws that govern a given data set, e.g., those described by partial differential equations (PDEs), into…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Bo Wang , A. K. Qin , Sajjad Shafiei , Hussein Dia , Adriana-Simona Mihaita , Hanna Grzybowska

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) can be regarded as general-purpose PDE solvers, but it might be slow to train PINNs on particular problems, and there is no theoretical guarantee of corresponding error bounds. In this manuscript, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Wei Peng , Weien Zhou , Jun Zhang , Wen Yao

With the rapid advancement of graphical processing units, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are emerging as a promising tool for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs are not well suited for solving PDEs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yuxiang Gao , Soheil Kolouri , Ravindra Duddu

There has been rapid progress recently on the application of deep networks to the solution of partial differential equations, collectively labelled as Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). In this paper, we develop Physics Informed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Vikas Dwivedi , Balaji Srinivasan

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) offer a novel AI-driven framework for integrating physical laws directly into neural network models, facilitating the solution of complex multiphysics problems in materials engineering. This study…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-14 Mohid Farooqi , Ingmar Bösing , Conrard G. Tetsassi Feugmo

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) typically minimize average residuals, which can conceal large, localized errors. We propose Residual Risk-Aware Physics-Informed Neural Networks PINNs (RRaPINNs), a single-network framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ange-Clément Akazan , Issa Karambal , Jean Medard Ngnotchouye , Abebe Geletu Selassie. W

Neural networks in general, from MLPs and CNNs to attention-based Transformers, are constructed from layers of linear combinations followed by nonlinear operations such as ReLU, Sigmoid, or Softmax. Despite their strength, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Weiguo Lu , Gangnan Yuan , Hong-kun Zhang , Shangyang Li