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Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enables different parties to train a model together for high quality and strong privacy protection. In this scenario, individual participants may get compromised and perform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Kaiyuan Zhang , Guanhong Tao , Qiuling Xu , Siyuan Cheng , Shengwei An , Yingqi Liu , Shiwei Feng , Guangyu Shen , Pin-Yu Chen , Shiqing Ma , Xiangyu Zhang

Due to its distributed methodology alongside its privacy-preserving features, Federated Learning (FL) is vulnerable to training time adversarial attacks. In this study, our focus is on backdoor attacks in which the adversary's goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Omid Aramoon , Pin-Yu Chen , Gang Qu , Yuan Tian

In this paper, we consider privacy aspects of wireless federated learning (FL) with Over-the-Air (OtA) transmission of gradient updates from multiple users/agents to an edge server. By exploiting the waveform superposition property of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Jialing Liao , Zheng Chen , Erik G. Larsson

We examine federated learning (FL) with over-the-air (OTA) aggregation, where mobile users (MUs) aim to reach a consensus on a global model with the help of a parameter server (PS) that aggregates the local gradients. In OTA FL, MUs train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Ozan Aygün , Mohammad Kazemi , Deniz Gündüz , Tolga M. Duman

Federated learning (FL) has been widely deployed to enable machine learning training on sensitive data across distributed devices. However, the decentralized learning paradigm and heterogeneity of FL further extend the attack surface for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Haomin Zhuang , Mingxian Yu , Hao Wang , Yang Hua , Jian Li , Xu Yuan

Federated learning (FL) is gaining increasing attention as an emerging collaborative machine learning approach, particularly in the context of large-scale computing and data systems. However, the fundamental algorithm of FL, Federated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jianyi Zhang , Ziyin Zhou , Yilong Li , Qichao Jin

Federated learning (FL) allows a set of agents to collaboratively train a model without sharing their potentially sensitive data. This makes FL suitable for privacy-preserving applications. At the same time, FL is susceptible to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Yulia R. Gel

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a shared model without exposing local data. However, backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to FL. These attacks aim to implant a stealthy trigger into the global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Chenyu Hu , Qiming Hu , Sinan Chen , Nianyu Li , Mingyue Zhang , Jialong Li

Multi-stage threats like advanced persistent threats (APT) pose severe risks by stealing data and destroying infrastructure, with detection being challenging. APTs use novel attack vectors and evade signature-based detection by obfuscating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Florian Nelles , Abbas Yazdinejad , Ali Dehghantanha , Reza M. Parizi , Gautam Srivastava

In a federated learning (FL) system, malicious participants can easily embed backdoors into the aggregated model while maintaining the model's performance on the main task. To this end, various defenses, including training stage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Henger Li , Chen Wu , Sencun Zhu , Zizhan Zheng

Federated Learning (FL) has garnered widespread adoption across various domains such as finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity. Nonetheless, FL remains under significant threat from backdoor attacks, wherein malicious actors insert triggers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Anqi Zhou , Yezheng Liu , Yidong Chai , Hongyi Zhu , Xinyue Ge , Yuanchun Jiang , Meng Wang

Over-the-Air Federated Learning (OTA-FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed learning mechanism, by aggregating updates in the electromagnetic channel rather than at the server. A critical research gap in existing OTA-FL research is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jinsheng Yuan , Zhuangkun Wei , Weisi Guo

Over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL) is an emerging technique to reduce the computation and communication overload at the PS caused by the orthogonal transmissions of the model updates in conventional federated learning (FL). This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Saba Asaad , Hina Tabassum , Chongjun Ouyang , Ping Wang

Federated learning enables training high-utility models across several clients without directly sharing their private data. As a downside, the federated setting makes the model vulnerable to various adversarial attacks in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Xiaoyang Wang , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Sanmi Koyejo , Shruti Tople

Over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL) unifies communication and model aggregation by leveraging the inherent superposition property of the wireless medium. This strategy can enable scalable and bandwidth-efficient learning via…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Jiayu Mao , Aylin Yener

The development of applications based on artificial intelligence and implemented over wireless networks is increasingly rapidly and is expected to grow dramatically in the future. The resulting demand for the aggregation of large amounts of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-04 Bingnan Xiao , Xichen Yu , Wei Ni , Xin Wang , H. Vincent Poor

In this paper, we develop an orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM)-based over-the-air (OTA) aggregation solution for wireless federated learning (FL). In particular, the local gradients in massive IoT devices are modulated by an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-28 Huayan Guo , Yifan Zhu , Haoyu Ma , Vincent K. N. Lau , Kaibin Huang , Xiaofan Li , Huabin Nong , Mingyu Zhou

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a leading paradigm for privacy-preserving distributed machine learning, yet the distributed nature of FL introduces unique security challenges, notably the threat of backdoor attacks. Existing backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Chengcheng Zhu , Ye Li , Bosen Rao , Jiale Zhang , Yunlong Mao , Sheng Zhong

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning (ML) approach that allows the use of distributed data without compromising personal privacy. However, the heterogeneous distribution of data among clients in FL can make it difficult for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Thuy Dung Nguyen , Tuan Nguyen , Phi Le Nguyen , Hieu H. Pham , Khoa Doan , Kok-Seng Wong

Federated learning (FL) over wireless communication channels, specifically, over-the-air (OTA) model aggregation framework is considered. In OTA wireless setups, the adverse channel effects can be alleviated by increasing the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Ozan Aygün , Mohammad Kazemi , Deniz Gündüz , Tolga M. Duman
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