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We present SalesSim, a framework and testbed for evaluating the ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to simulate realistic, persona-driven customer behavior in multi-turn, multi-modal, tool-augmented online retail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yada Pruksachatkun , Elaine Wan , Lyanna Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Chien-Sheng Wu

E-commerce product understanding demands by nature, strong multimodal comprehension from text, images, and structured attributes. General-purpose Vision-Language Models (VLMs) enable generalizable multimodal latent modelling, yet there is…

Simulating consumer decision-making is vital for designing and evaluating marketing strategies before costly real-world deployment. However, post-event analyses and rule-based agent-based models (ABMs) struggle to capture the complexity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Man-Lin Chu , Lucian Terhorst , Kadin Reed , Tom Ni , Weiwei Chen , Rongyu Lin

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly deployed in e-commerce applications to assist customer services in tasks such as product inquiries, recommendations, and order management. Existing benchmarks primarily evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Kaiyan Zhao , Zijie Meng , Zheyong Xie , Jin Duan , Yao Hu , Zuozhu Liu , Shaosheng Cao

In e-commerce, behavioral data is collected for decision making which can be costly and slow. Simulation with LLM powered agents is emerging as a promising alternative for representing human population behavior. However, LLMs are known to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Saab Mansour , Leonardo Perelli , Lorenzo Mainetti , George Davidson , Stefano D'Amato

Formal verification is at the heart of model validation and correctness. With model checking, invaluable realizations have been accomplished in software engineering and particularly in software development. By means of this approach,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Patrick Mukala

The BrowserGym ecosystem addresses the growing need for efficient evaluation and benchmarking of web agents, particularly those leveraging automation and Large Language Models (LLMs). Many existing benchmarks suffer from fragmentation and…

As agentic systems increasingly rely on reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards, standardized ``gym'' infrastructure has become essential for rapid iteration, reproducibility, and fair comparison. Vision agents lack such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Fanqing Meng , Lingxiao Du , Jiawei Gu , Jiaqi Liao , Linjie Li , Zijian Wu , Xiangyan Liu , Ziqi Zhao , Mengkang Hu , Zichen Liu , Jiaheng Zhang , Michael Qizhe Shieh

As LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed in real-life scenarios, existing benchmarks fail to capture their inherent complexity of handling extensive information, leveraging diverse resources, and managing dynamic user interactions. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Wei He , Yueqing Sun , Hongyan Hao , Xueyuan Hao , Zhikang Xia , Qi Gu , Chengcheng Han , Dengchang Zhao , Hui Su , Kefeng Zhang , Man Gao , Xi Su , Xiaodong Cai , Xunliang Cai , Yu Yang , Yunke Zhao

Online shopping has revolutionized the retail industry, providing customers with convenience and accessibility. However, customers often hesitate to purchase wearable products such as watches, jewelry, glasses, shoes, and clothes due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tulashi Prasad Joshi , Amrendra Kumar Yadav , Arjun Chhetri , Suraj Agrahari , Umesh Kanta Ghimire

Evaluating the scientific discovery capabilities of large language model based agents, particularly how they cope with varying environmental complexity and utilize prior knowledge, requires specialized benchmarks currently lacking in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yimeng Chen , Piotr Piȩkos , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Firas Laakom , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Large Language Models (LLMs) open new possibilities for constructing realistic and interpretable macroeconomic simulations. We present SimCity, a multi-agent framework that leverages LLMs to model an interpretable macroeconomic system with…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yeqi Feng , Yucheng Lu , Hongyu Su , Yixin Tao , Tianxing He

LLM-based web agents can navigate live storefronts, yet they often collapse to a single "average buyer" policy, failing to capture the heterogeneous and distributional nature of real buyer populations. Existing personalization methods rely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zahra Zanjani Foumani , Alberto Castelo , Shuang Xie , Ted Chaiwachirasak , Han Li , Lingyun Wang

Search agents have emerged as a pivotal paradigm for solving open-ended, knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks. However, training these agents via Reinforcement Learning (RL) faces a critical dilemma: interacting with live commercial Web APIs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Xichen Zhang , Ziyi He , Yinghao Zhu , Sitong Wu , Shaozuo Yu , Meng Chu , Wenhu Zhang , Haoru Tan , Jiaya Jia

Long-horizon planning is widely recognized as a core capability of autonomous LLM-based agents; however, current evaluation frameworks suffer from being largely episodic, domain-specific, or insufficiently grounded in persistent economic…

In this paper, we introduce ECom-Bench, the first benchmark framework for evaluating LLM agent with multimodal capabilities in the e-commerce customer support domain. ECom-Bench features dynamic user simulation based on persona information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haoxin Wang , Xianhan Peng , Xucheng Huang , Yizhe Huang , Ming Gong , Chenghan Yang , Yang Liu , Ling Jiang

Automated biomechanical testing has great potential for the development of VR applications, as initial insights into user behaviour can be gained in silico early in the design process. In particular, it allows prediction of user movements…

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have enabled mobile agents to perceive and interact with real-world mobile environments based on human instructions. However, the current fully autonomous paradigm poses potential safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Qihang Ai , Pi Bu , Yue Cao , Yingyao Wang , Jihao Gu , Jingxuan Xing , Zekun Zhu , Wei Jiang , Zhicheng Zheng , Jun Song , Yuning Jiang

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in static visual understanding, their deployment in complex 3D embodied environments remains severely limited. Existing benchmarks suffer from four critical deficiencies:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ruizhi Zhang , Ye Huang , Yuangang Pan , Chuanfu Shen , Zhilin Liu , Ting Xie , Wen Li , Lixin Duan

Environments built for people are increasingly operated by a new class of economic actors: LLM-powered software agents making decisions on our behalf. These decisions range from our purchases to travel plans to medical treatment selection.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Manuel Cherep , Chengtian Ma , Abigail Xu , Maya Shaked , Pattie Maes , Nikhil Singh