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Diffusion models, though originally designed for generative tasks, have demonstrated impressive self-supervised representation learning capabilities. A particularly intriguing phenomenon in these models is the emergence of unimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiao Li , Zekai Zhang , Xiang Li , Siyi Chen , Zhihui Zhu , Peng Wang , Qing Qu

Diffusion models are state-of-the-art methods in generative modeling when samples from a target probability distribution are available, and can be efficiently sampled, using score matching to estimate score vectors guiding a Langevin…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-21 Omar Chehab , Anna Korba

By formulating data samples' formation as a Markov denoising process, diffusion models achieve state-of-the-art performances in a collection of tasks. Recently, many variants of diffusion models have been proposed to enable controlled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Hengtong Zhang , Tingyang Xu

Subdiffusion is a hallmark of complex systems, ranging from protein folding to transport in viscoelastic media. However, despite its pervasiveness, the mechanistic origins of subdiffusion remain contested. Here, we analyze both Markovian…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-06-04 Anton Klimek , Benjamin A. Dalton , Roland R. Netz

In this paper, we explore provable acceleration of diffusion models without any additional retraining. Focusing on the task of approximating a target data distribution in $\mathbb{R}^d$ to within $\varepsilon$ total-variation distance, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Gen Li , Yuchen Zhou , Yuting Wei , Yuxin Chen

Diffusion guidance is a powerful technique that enables controllable and high-fidelity sample generation with diffusion models. At a high level, it modifies the score function by incorporating a guidance term that steers the generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ruijia Cao , Yuchen Wu , Nisha Chandramoorthy

Models of ordering dynamics allow to understand natural systems in which an initially disordered population homogenizes some traits via local interactions. The simplest of these models, with wide applications ranging from evolutionary to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-12 Andrea Baronchelli , Romualdo Pastor-Satorras

In this work, we study the generalizability of diffusion models by looking into the hidden properties of the learned score functions, which are essentially a series of deep denoisers trained on various noise levels. We observe that as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xiang Li , Yixiang Dai , Qing Qu

Image diffusion models such as DALL-E 2, Imagen, and Stable Diffusion have attracted significant attention due to their ability to generate high-quality synthetic images. In this work, we show that diffusion models memorize individual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Nicholas Carlini , Jamie Hayes , Milad Nasr , Matthew Jagielski , Vikash Sehwag , Florian Tramèr , Borja Balle , Daphne Ippolito , Eric Wallace

Generative foundation models like Stable Diffusion comprise a diverse spectrum of knowledge in computer vision with the potential for transfer learning, e.g., via generating data to train student models for downstream tasks. This could…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Leonhard Hennicke , Christian Medeiros Adriano , Holger Giese , Jan Mathias Koehler , Lukas Schott

The diffusion model has shown success in generating high-quality and diverse solutions to trajectory optimization problems. However, diffusion models with neural networks inevitably make prediction errors, which leads to constraint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Anjian Li , Zihan Ding , Adji Bousso Dieng , Ryne Beeson

Diffusion models have gained traction as powerful algorithms for synthesizing high-quality images. Central to these algorithms is the diffusion process, a set of equations which maps data to noise in a way that can significantly affect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Aaron Gokaslan , Chris De Sa , Volodymyr Kuleshov

Diffusion models achieve remarkable generation quality, yet face a fundamental challenge known as memorization, where generated samples can replicate training samples exactly. We develop a theoretical framework to explain this phenomenon by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xinyu Zhou , Jiawei Zhang , Stephen J. Wright

Diffusion models, such as Stable Diffusion (SD), offer the ability to generate high-resolution images with diverse features, but they come at a significant computational and memory cost. In classifier-free guided diffusion models, prolonged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Pareesa Ameneh Golnari

Diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art performance, demonstrating remarkable generalisation capabilities across diverse domains. However, the mechanisms underpinning these strong capabilities remain only partially understood. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Tyler Farghly , Peter Potaptchik , Samuel Howard , George Deligiannidis , Jakiw Pidstrigach

The aim of the study is to compare the standard Maxwell-Stefan model of diffusion with the higher-order one recently derived. This higher-order model takes into account the influence of the complete pressure tensor. A numerical scheme is…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-07-18 Bérénice Grec , Srboljub Simic

Diffusion-based generative models (DBGMs) perturb data to a target noise distribution and reverse this process to generate samples. The choice of noising process, or inference diffusion process, affects both likelihoods and sample quality.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Raghav Singhal , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath

High-dimensional data must be highly structured to be learnable. Although the compositional and hierarchical nature of data is often put forward to explain learnability, quantitative measurements establishing these properties are scarce.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Antonio Sclocchi , Alessandro Favero , Noam Itzhak Levi , Matthieu Wyart

Theories with a sign problem due to a complex action or Boltzmann weight can sometimes be numerically solved using a stochastic process in the complexified configuration space. However, the probability distribution effectively sampled by…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-10-06 Gert Aarts , Diaa E. Habibi , Lingxiao Wang , Kai Zhou

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have demonstrated remarkable synthesis quality. SGMs rely on a diffusion process that gradually perturbs the data towards a tractable distribution, while the generative model learns to denoise. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-28 Tim Dockhorn , Arash Vahdat , Karsten Kreis