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Autonomous web agents solve complex browsing tasks, yet existing benchmarks measure only whether an agent finishes a task, ignoring whether it does so safely or in a way enterprises can trust. To integrate these agents into critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ido Levy , Ben Wiesel , Sami Marreed , Alon Oved , Avi Yaeli , Segev Shlomov

As Large Language Model (LLM) agents become more widespread, associated misalignment risks increase. While prior research has studied agents' ability to produce harmful outputs or follow malicious instructions, it remains unclear how likely…

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown impressive reasoning capabilities in interactive decision-making tasks. These agents interact with environment through intermediate interfaces, such as predefined action spaces and interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Kaiming Liu , Xuanyu Lei , Ziyue Wang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Web agents powered by large language models (LLMs) can autonomously perform complex, multistep tasks in dynamic web environments. However, current evaluations mostly focus on the overall success while overlooking intermediate errors. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Daniel Röder , Akhil Juneja , Roland Roller , Sven Schmeier

Even when a tool is explicitly described as unfair and harmful to others, ostensibly safety-aligned LLM agents still voluntarily engage in secret collusion whenever doing so confers a strategic advantage. To investigate this phenomenon, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xijie Zeng , Frank Rudzicz

The increasing deployment of Large Language Model (LLM) agents for complex software engineering tasks has created a need to understand their problem-solving behaviours beyond simple success metrics. While these agents demonstrate impressive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Oorja Majgaonkar , Zhiwei Fei , Xiang Li , Federica Sarro , He Ye

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into tool-using agents, they remain brittle in long-horizon interactions. Unlike mathematical reasoning where errors are often rectifiable via backtracking, tool-use failures frequently induce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shengda Fan , Xuyan Ye , Yupeng Huo , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yiju Guo , Shenzhi Yang , Wenkai Yang , Shuqi Ye , Jingwen Chen , Haotian Chen , Xin Cong , Yankai Lin

Advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled a new class of self-evolving agents that autonomously improve through interaction with the environment, demonstrating strong capabilities. However, self-evolution also introduces novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shuai Shao , Qihan Ren , Chen Qian , Boyi Wei , Dadi Guo , Jingyi Yang , Xinhao Song , Linfeng Zhang , Weinan Zhang , Dongrui Liu , Jing Shao

Today's AI agents are built on large language models (LLMs) equipped with tools to access and modify external environments, such as corporate file systems, API-accessible platforms and websites. AI agents offer the promise of automating…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Merlin Stein

Large language model-based web agents have demonstrated strong performance on realistic web interaction tasks. However, existing evaluations are predominantly conducted under relatively stable and well-behaved interaction conditions, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haoyue Bai , Dong Wang , Long Chen , Bingguang Hao , Pengyang Shao , Yonghui Yang , Yicheng He , Chenyi Zhuang

Frontier AI systems are increasingly capable and deployed in high-stakes multi-agent environments. However, existing AI safety benchmarks largely evaluate single agents, leaving multi-agent risks such as coordination failure and conflict…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Pepijn Cobben , Xuanqiang Angelo Huang , Thao Amelia Pham , Isabel Dahlgren , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Zhijing Jin

Generating user activity is a key capability for both evaluating security monitoring tools as well as improving the credibility of attacker analysis platforms (e.g., honeynets). In this paper, to generate this activity, we instrument each…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Alexandre Dey , Benjamin Costé , Éric Totel , Adrien Bécue

With the wide application of multimodal foundation models in intelligent agent systems, scenarios such as mobile device control, intelligent assistant interaction, and multimodal task execution are gradually relying on such large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Siyuan Liang , Tianmeng Fang , Zhe Liu , Aishan Liu , Yan Xiao , Jinyuan He , Ee-Chien Chang , Xiaochun Cao

Generative AI agents, software systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), are emerging as a promising approach to automate cybersecurity tasks. Among the others, penetration testing is a challenging field due to the task complexity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Luca Gioacchini , Marco Mellia , Idilio Drago , Alexander Delsanto , Giuseppe Siracusano , Roberto Bifulco

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in software engineering and cybersecurity tasks, including code generation, vulnerability discovery, and automated testing. One critical but underexplored…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Bin Liu , Yanjie Zhao , Guoai Xu , Haoyu Wang

LLM agents increasingly operate in open-ended environments spanning hundreds of sequential episodes, yet they remain largely stateless: each task is solved from scratch without converting past experience into better future behavior. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Wujiang Xu , Jiaojiao Han , Minghao Guo , Kai Mei , Xi Zhu , Han Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents leverage the advanced reasoning capabilities of LLMs in real-world applications. To interface with an environment, these agents often rely on tools, such as web search or database APIs. As the agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Ivan Milev , Mislav Balunović , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

Background: Large-scale biological jobs on high-performance computing systems require manual intervention if one or more computing cores on which they execute fail. This places not only a cost on the maintenance of the job, but also a cost…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Blesson Varghese , Gerard McKee , Vassil Alexandrov

We investigate the problem of autonomous agents processing pieces of information that may be corrupted (tainted). Agents have the option of contacting a central database for a reliable check of the status of the message, but this procedure…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2011-08-22 Franco Bagnoli , Andrea Guazzini , Pietro Lio'