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This paper introduces a new solution to DNA storage that integrates all three steps of retrieval, namely clustering, reconstruction, and error correction. DNA-correcting codes are presented as a unique solution to the problem of ensuring…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Avital Boruchovsky , Daniella Bar-Lev , Eitan Yaakobi

In this review paper, we delve into the nascent field of molecular data storage, focusing on system implementations and code constructions. We start by providing an overview of basic concepts in synthetic and computational biology.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Olgica Milenkovic , Chao Pan

The rank modulation scheme has been proposed for efficient writing and storing data in non-volatile memory storage. Error-correction in the rank modulation scheme is done by considering permutation codes. In this paper we consider codes in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Sarit Buzaglo , Tuvi Etzion

In this paper we study error-correcting codes for the storage of data in synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). We investigate a storage model where a data set is represented by an unordered set of $M$ sequences, each of length $L$. Errors…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Andreas Lenz , Paul H. Siegel , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eitan Yaakobi

Enzymatic DNA labeling is a powerful tool with applications in biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, medical science, and genomic research. This paper contributes to the evolving field of DNA-based data storage by presenting a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Daniella Bar-Lev , Tuvi Etzion , Eitan Yaakobi , Zohar Yakhini

Due to its high data density and longevity, DNA is considered a promising medium for satisfying ever-increasing data storage needs. However, the diversity of errors that occur in DNA sequences makes efficient error-correction a challenging…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Yuanyuan Tang , Farzad Farnoud

Storing digital data in synthetic DNA faces challenges in ensuring data reliability in the presence of edit errors--deletions, insertions, and substitutions--that occur randomly during various stages of the storage process. Current…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Serge Kas Hanna

DNA has emerged as a promising alternative for long-term data storage due to its high capacity, durability, and low-energy potential. However, storing data in DNA presents several challenges. First, it requires complex and costly…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-20 Sara Al Sayyed , Aline Roumy , Thomas Maugey

In this paper, we study achievable rates of concatenated coding schemes over a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) storage channel. Our channel model incorporates the main features of DNA-based data storage. First, information is stored on many,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Andreas Lenz , Lorenz Welter , Sven Puchinger

DNA-based storage is an emerging storage technology that provides high information density and long duration. Due to the physical constraints in the reading and writing processes, error correction in DNA storage poses several interesting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jin Sima , Netanel Raviv , Moshe Schwartz , Jehoshua Bruck

Decoding sequences that stem from multiple transmissions of a codeword over an insertion, deletion, and substitution channel is a critical component of efficient deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) data storage systems. In this paper, we consider a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Andreas Lenz , Issam Maarouf , Lorenz Welter , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eirik Rosnes , Alexandre Graell i Amat

Living in the age of the digital media explosion, the amount of data that is being stored increases dramatically. However, even if existing storage systems suggest efficiency in capacity, they are lacking in durability. Hard disks, flash,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-08 Melpomeni Dimopoulou , Marc Antonini , Pascal Barbry , Raja Appuswamy

This paper extends the foundational work of Dollma \emph{et al}. on codes for ordered composite DNA sequences. We consider the general setting with an alphabet of size $q$ and a resolution parameter $k$, moving beyond the binary ($q=2$)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Zuo Ye , Yuling Li , Zhaojun Lan , Gennian Ge

Motivated by applications in DNA-based storage, we introduce the new problem of code design in the Damerau metric. The Damerau metric is a generalization of the Levenshtein distance which, in addition to deletions, insertions and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Ryan Gabrys , Eitan Yaakobi , Olgica Milenkovic

DNA exhibits remarkable potential as a data storage solution due to its impressive storage density and long-term stability, stemming from its inherent biomolecular structure. However, developing this novel medium comes with its own set of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-14 Trung Hieu Le , Xavier Pic , Jeremy Mateos , Marc Antonini

The process of DNA-based data storage (DNA storage for short) can be mathematically modelled as a communication channel, termed DNA storage channel, whose inputs and outputs are sets of unordered sequences. To design error correcting codes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Wentu Song , Kui Cai , Kees A. Schouhamer Immink

DNA-based storage is an emerging technology that enables digital information to be archived in DNA molecules. This method enjoys major advantages over magnetic and optical storage solutions such as exceptional information density, enhanced…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Daniella Bar-Lev , Itai Orr , Omer Sabary , Tuvi Etzion , Eitan Yaakobi

In this paper, we study how often unique decoding from $t$ insertions or $t$ deletions occurs for error correcting codes. Insertions and deletions frequently occur in synchronization problems and DNA, a medium which is beginning to be used…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-29 Kayvon Mazooji

As a medium for cold data storage, DNA stands out as it promises significant gains in storage capacity and lifetime. However, it comes with its own data processing challenges to overcome. Constrained codes over the DNA alphabet…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Canberk İrimağzı , Ahmed Hareedy

We consider rank modulation codes for flash memories that allow for handling arbitrary charge-drop errors. Unlike classical rank modulation codes used for correcting errors that manifest themselves as swaps of two adjacently ranked…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-04-23 Farzad Farnoud , Vitaly Skachek , Olgica Milenkovic