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Automated market makers (AMMs) are one of the most prominent decentralized finance (DeFi) applications. AMMs allow users to trade different types of crypto-tokens, without the need to find a counter-party. There are several implementations…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Massimo Bartoletti , James Hsin-yu Chiang , Alberto Lluch-Lafuente

With the rapid development of blockchain technology in recent years, all kinds of blockchain-based applications have emerged. Among them, the decentralized finance (DeFi) is one of the most successful applications, which is regarded as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Yinjie Zhao , Xin Kang , Tieyan Li , Cheng-Kang Chu , Haiguang Wang

Decentralised Finance (DeFi) applications constitute an entire financial ecosystem deployed on blockchains. Such applications are based on complex protocols and incentive mechanisms whose financial safety is hard to determine. Besides,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Massimo Bartoletti , James Chiang , Tommi Junttila , Alberto Lluch Lafuente , Massimiliano Mirelli , Andrea Vandin

We investigate the market microstructure of Automated Market Makers (AMMs), the most prominent type of blockchain-based decentralized exchanges. We show that the order execution mechanism yields token value loss for liquidity providers if…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-22 Agostino Capponi , Ruizhe Jia

Financial options are contracts that specify the right to buy or sell an underlying asset at a strike price by an expiration date. Standard exchanges offer options of predetermined strike values and trade options of different strikes…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Xintong Wang , David M. Pennock , Nikhil R. Devanur , David M. Rothschild , Biaoshuai Tao , Michael P. Wellman

The evolution of cryptocurrency and decentralized finance (DeFi) marks a significant shift in the financial landscape, making it more accessible, inclusive, and participative for various societal groups. However, this transition from…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-03 Amrutha Muralidhar , Muralidhar Lakkanna

Billions of dollars are lost every year in DeFi platforms by transactions exploiting business logic or accounting vulnerabilities. Existing defenses focus on static code analysis, public mempool screening, attacker contract detection, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Abdulrahman Alhaidari , Balaji Palanisamy , Prashant Krishnamurthy

In this paper, we analyze various Decentralized Finance (DeFi) protocols in terms of their token distributions. We propose an iterative mapping process that allows us to split aggregate token holdings from custodial and escrow contracts and…

General Economics · Economics 2020-12-18 Matthias Nadler , Fabian Schär

We develop a model of coordination and allocation of decentralized multi-sided markets, in which our theoretical analysis is promisingly optimizing the decentralized transaction packaging process at high-throughput blockchains or Web 3.0…

General Economics · Economics 2023-01-27 Yuxuan Lu , Qian Qi , Xi Chen

Decentralized finance (DeFi) is known for its unique mechanism design, which applies smart contracts to facilitate peer-to-peer transactions. The decentralized bank is a typical DeFi application. Ideally, a decentralized bank should be…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-11 Yufan Zhang , Zichao Chen , Yutong Sun , Yulin Liu , Luyao Zhang

Decentralized Finance (DeFi), a blockchain powered peer-to-peer financial system, is mushrooming. Two years ago the total value locked in DeFi systems was approximately 700m USD, now, as of April 2022, it stands at around 150bn USD. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Sam M. Werner , Daniel Perez , Lewis Gudgeon , Ariah Klages-Mundt , Dominik Harz , William J. Knottenbelt

The financial sector's adoption of technology-driven data analysis has enhanced operational efficiency and revenue generation by leveraging personal sensitive data. However, the inherent characteristics of blockchain hinder decentralized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Zhuangtong Huang , Jiawei Zhu , Zhongyu Huang , Yixin Xu , Jerome Yen , Ye Wang

We present the first formal treatment of \emph{yield tokenization}, a mechanism that decomposes yield-bearing assets into principal and yield components to facilitate risk transfer and price discovery in decentralized finance (DeFi). We…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-07 Viraj Nadkarni , Pramod Viswanath

Ethereum and its standardized token interface have formed decentralized finance (DeFi), an open financial system based on blockchain smart contracts. The DeFi ecosystem has become richer with the introduction of DeFi composability projects,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-05 HyoungSung Kim , Hyun-Sik Kim , Yong-Suk Park

Decentralised exchanges (DEXs) have transformed trading by enabling trustless, permissionless transactions, yet they face significant challenges such as impermanent loss and slippage, which undermine profitability for liquidity providers…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-04-10 Oliver Tronn Scott-Simons , Chris Colman , FrostByte

We develop a general framework for incorporating distributional preferences in market design. We identify the structural properties of these preferences that guarantee the path independence of choice rules. In decentralized settings, a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-10 Federico Echenique , Teddy Mekonnen , M. Bumin Yenmez

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has reshaped the possibilities of reserve banking in the form of the Collateralized Debt Position (CDP). Key to the safety of CDPs is the money supply architecture that enables issued debt to maintain its value.…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-19 Yuval Boneh

Smart contracts led to the emergence of the decentralized finance (DeFi) marketplace within blockchain ecosystems, where diverse participants engage in financial activities. In traditional finance, there are possibilities to create values,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Rasheed , Yash Chaurasia , Parth Desai , Sujit Gujar

An automated market maker (AMM) is a state machine that manages pools of assets, allowing parties to buy and sell those assets according to a fixed mathematical formula. AMMs are typically implemented as smart contracts on blockchains, and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-29 Kenan Wood , Maurice Herlihy , Hammurabi Mendes , Jonad Pulaj

User transactions on Ethereum's peer-to-peer network are at risk of being attacked. The smart contracts building decentralized finance (DeFi) have introduced a new transaction ordering dependency to the Ethereum blockchain. As a result,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Lioba Heimbach , Roger Wattenhofer