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Achieving both realism and controllability in closed-loop traffic simulation remains a key challenge in autonomous driving. Dataset-based methods reproduce realistic trajectories but suffer from covariate shift in closed-loop deployment,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Keyu Chen , Wenchao Sun , Hao Cheng , Sifa Zheng

Scalable and realistic simulation of multi-agent traffic behavior is critical for advancing autonomous driving technologies. Although existing data-driven simulators have made significant strides in this domain, they predominantly rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Muleilan Pei , Shaoshuai Shi , Shaojie Shen

A major challenge in autonomous vehicle research is modeling agent behaviors, which has critical applications including constructing realistic and reliable simulations for off-board evaluation and forecasting traffic agents motion for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Zhenghao Peng , Wenjie Luo , Yiren Lu , Tianyi Shen , Cole Gulino , Ari Seff , Justin Fu

In light of the challenges and costs of real-world testing, autonomous vehicle developers often rely on testing in simulation for the creation of reliable systems. A key element of effective simulation is the incorporation of realistic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yulong Cao , Boris Ivanovic , Chaowei Xiao , Marco Pavone

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable embodied decision-making but rely heavily on imitation learning, leading to compounding errors and poor robustness under distribution shift. Reinforcement learning (RL) can mitigate these issues…

As the foundation of closed-loop training and evaluation in autonomous driving, traffic simulation still faces two fundamental challenges: covariate shift introduced by open-loop imitation learning and limited capacity to reflect the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Keyu Chen , Wenchao Sun , Hao Cheng , Zheng Fu , Sifa Zheng

Evaluating autonomous driving systems in complex and diverse traffic scenarios through controllable simulation is essential to ensure their safety and reliability. However, existing traffic simulation methods face challenges in their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zhiyuan Liu , Leheng Li , Yuning Wang , Haotian Lin , Hao Cheng , Zhizhe Liu , Lei He , Jianqiang Wang

Simulation has the potential to massively scale evaluation of self-driving systems enabling rapid development as well as safe deployment. To close the gap between simulation and the real world, we need to simulate realistic multi-agent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Simon Suo , Sebastian Regalado , Sergio Casas , Raquel Urtasun

How can we reliably simulate future driving scenarios under a wide range of ego driving behaviors? Recent driving world models, developed exclusively on real-world driving data composed mainly of safe expert trajectories, struggle to follow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiazhi Yang , Kashyap Chitta , Shenyuan Gao , Long Chen , Yuqian Shao , Xiaosong Jia , Hongyang Li , Andreas Geiger , Xiangyu Yue , Li Chen

Realistic traffic simulation is crucial for developing self-driving software in a safe and scalable manner prior to real-world deployment. Typically, imitation learning (IL) is used to learn human-like traffic agents directly from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Chris Zhang , James Tu , Lunjun Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Simon Suo , Raquel Urtasun

The optimization of traffic signal control (TSC) is critical for an efficient transportation system. In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) techniques have emerged as a popular approach for TSC and show promising results for highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jianxiong Li , Shichao Lin , Tianyu Shi , Chujie Tian , Yu Mei , Jian Song , Xianyuan Zhan , Ruimin Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely used in autonomous driving tasks and training RL models typically involves in a multi-step process: pre-training RL models on simulators, uploading the pre-trained model to real-life robots, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Xinle Liang , Yang Liu , Tianjian Chen , Ming Liu , Qiang Yang

Evaluating autonomous vehicle stacks (AVs) in simulation typically involves replaying driving logs from real-world recorded traffic. However, agents replayed from offline data are not reactive and hard to intuitively control. Existing…

Simulation offers a scalable and low-cost way to enrich vision-language-action (VLA) training, reducing reliance on expensive real-robot demonstrations. However, most sim-real co-training methods rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT), which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Liangzhi Shi , Shuaihang Chen , Feng Gao , Yinuo Chen , Kang Chen , Tonghe Zhang , Hongzhi Zang , Weinan Zhang , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

Simulation is pivotal in evaluating the performance of autonomous driving systems due to the advantages of high efficiency and low cost compared to on-road testing. Bridging the gap between simulation and the real world requires realistic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Haojie Xin , Xiaodong Zhang , Renzhi Tang , Songyang Yan , Qianrui Zhao , Chunze Yang , Wen Cui , Zijiang Yang

Traffic signal control is of critical importance for the effective use of transportation infrastructures. The rapid increase of vehicle traffic and changes in traffic patterns make traffic signal control more and more challenging.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Xingshuai Huang , Di Wu , Michael Jenkin , Benoit Boulet

This paper presents CLIP-RLDrive, a new reinforcement learning (RL)-based framework for improving the decision-making of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in complex urban driving scenarios, particularly in unsignalized intersections. To achieve…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Erfan Doroudian , Hamid Taghavifar

The pre-train and fine-tune paradigm in machine learning has had dramatic success in a wide range of domains because the use of existing data or pre-trained models on the internet enables quick and easy learning of new tasks. We aim to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jingyun Yang , Max Sobol Mark , Brandon Vu , Archit Sharma , Jeannette Bohg , Chelsea Finn

Robot learning requires a considerable amount of high-quality data to realize the promise of generalization. However, large data sets are costly to collect in the real world. Physics simulators can cheaply generate vast data sets with broad…

Learning from few demonstrations to develop policies robust to variations in robot initial positions and object poses is a problem of significant practical interest in robotics. Compared to imitation learning, which often struggles to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Haowen Sun , Han Wang , Chengzhong Ma , Shaolong Zhang , Jiawei Ye , Xingyu Chen , Xuguang Lan
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