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Data represented by probability measures arise as empirical distributions, posterior distributions, and feature-based representations of complex objects. We study heterogeneity in a population of probability measures through the expected…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Kisung You

In inverse problems, many conditional generative models approximate the posterior measure by minimizing a distance between the joint measure and its learned approximation. While this approach also controls the distance between the posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Jannis Chemseddine , Paul Hagemann , Christian Wald

Federated reinforcement learning typically aggregates value functions or policies by parameter averaging, which emphasizes expected return and can obscure statistical multimodality and tail behavior that matter in safety-critical settings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 David Millard , Cecilia Alm , Rashid Ali , Pengcheng Shi , Ali Baheri

Optimal transport (OT) is a versatile framework for comparing probability measures, with many applications to statistics, machine learning, and applied mathematics. However, OT distances suffer from computational and statistical scalability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-08 Ziv Goldfeld , Kengo Kato , Gabriel Rioux , Ritwik Sadhu

Recently observed empirical scaling laws describe the performance of foundation-type models as three independent key quantities -- dataset size, compute, and model parameters -- are modified. Extracting these scaling laws informs the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-29 Oz Amram , Darius A. Faroughy , Tjarko Gerdes , Anna Hallin , Gregor Kasieczka , Michael Krämer , Humberto Reyes-Gonzalez , David Shih

One-shot prediction enables rapid adaptation of pretrained foundation models to new tasks using only one labeled example, but lacks principled uncertainty quantification. While conformal prediction provides finite-sample coverage…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-02 Maja Waldron

Reliable uncertainty quantification is of critical importance in time series forecasting, yet traditional methods often rely on restrictive distributional assumptions. Conformal prediction (CP) has emerged as a promising distribution-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Andro Sabashvili

AI tools can be useful to address model deficits in the design of communication systems. However, conventional learning-based AI algorithms yield poorly calibrated decisions, unabling to quantify their outputs uncertainty. While Bayesian…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-02 Kfir M. Cohen , Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone , Shlomo Shamai

We study stochastic optimization problems with chance and risk constraints, where in the latter, risk is quantified in terms of the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). We consider the distributionally robust versions of these problems, where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-17 Ashish Cherukuri , Ashish R. Hota

Reliable uncertainty quantification is essential in survival prediction, particularly in clinical settings where erroneous decisions carry high risk. Conformal prediction has attracted substantial attention as it offers a model-agnostic…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-04 Jaeyoung Shin , Chi Hyun Lee , Sangwook Kang

We study expected generalization bounds for the Hierarchical Federated Learning (HFL) setup using Wasserstein distance. We introduce a generalized framework in which data is sampled hierarchically, and we model it with a multi-layered tree…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Dario Filatrella , Ragnar Thobaben , Mikael Skoglund

This article studies a general divide-and-conquer algorithm for approximating continuous one-dimensional probability distributions with finite mean. The article presents a numerical study that compares pre-existing approximation schemes…

Split conformal prediction provides distribution-free prediction intervals with finite-sample marginal coverage, but produces constant-width intervals that overcover in low-variance regions and undercover in high-variance regions. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Shreyas Fadnavis

Traditional conformal prediction methods construct prediction sets such that the true label falls within the set with a user-specified coverage level. However, poorly chosen coverage levels can result in uninformative predictions, either…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-03 Etienne Gauthier , Francis Bach , Michael I. Jordan

We investigate the modeling and the numerical solution of machine learning problems with prediction functions which are linear combinations of elements of a possibly infinite-dimensional dictionary. We propose a novel flexible composite…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-03 Patrick L. Combettes , Saverio Salzo , Silvia Villa

Information-theoretic generalization bounds based on the supersample construction are a central tool for algorithm-dependent generalization analysis in the batch i.i.d.~setting. However, existing supersample conditional mutual information…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Futoshi Futami , Masahiro Fujisawa

We use a new method via $p$-Wasserstein bounds to prove Cram\'er-type moderate deviations in (multivariate) normal approximations. In the classical setting that $W$ is a standardized sum of $n$ independent and identically distributed…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-05-27 Xiao Fang , Yuta Koike

Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization offers a framework for model fitting in machine learning under potential shifts in the data distribution. We study a regularized variant of this problem in which entropic smoothing produces a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Tam Le

While conformal predictors reap the benefits of rigorous statistical guarantees on their error frequency, the size of their corresponding prediction sets is critical to their practical utility. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-12 Guneet S. Dhillon , George Deligiannidis , Tom Rainforth

A novel variational inference based resampling framework is proposed to evaluate the robustness and generalization capability of deep learning models with respect to distribution shift. We use Auto Encoding Variational Bayes to find a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Xudong Sun , Alexej Gossmann , Yu Wang , Bernd Bischl