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Foundation models are becoming increasingly popular due to their strong generalization capabilities resulting from being trained on huge datasets. These generalization capabilities are attractive in areas such as NIR Iris Presentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Juan E. Tapia , Lázaro Janier González-Soler , Christoph Busch

Iris recognition is widely recognized as one of the most accurate biometric modalities. However, its growing deployment in real-world applications raises significant concerns regarding its vulnerability to Presentation Attacks (PAs).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Raghavendra Ramachandra , Sushma Venkatesh

Research in presentation attack detection (PAD) for iris recognition has largely moved beyond evaluation in "closed-set" scenarios, to emphasize ability to generalize to presentation attack types not present in the training data. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Aidan Boyd , Jeremy Speth , Lucas Parzianello , Kevin Bowyer , Adam Czajka

Although face recognition systems have undergone an impressive evolution in the last decade, these technologies are vulnerable to attack presentations (AP). These attacks are mostly easy to create and, by executing them against the system's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Lazaro Janier Gonzalez-Sole , Juan E. Tapia , Christoph Busch

Presentation attacks are posing major challenges to most of the biometric modalities. Iris recognition, which is considered as one of the most accurate biometric modality for person identification, has also been shown to be vulnerable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Mehak Gupta , Vishal Singh , Akshay Agarwal , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh

This paper proposes the first, known to us, open source presentation attack detection (PAD) solution to distinguish between authentic iris images (possibly wearing clear contact lenses) and irises with textured contact lenses. This software…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Joseph McGrath , Kevin W. Bowyer , Adam Czajka

Foundation models for vision are predominantly trained on RGB data, while many safety-critical applications rely on non-visible modalities such as infrared (IR) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR). We study whether a single flow-matching…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Maxim Clouser , Kia Khezeli , John Kalantari

Although face recognition systems have seen a massive performance enhancement in recent years, they are still targeted by threats such as presentation attacks, leading to the need for generalizable presentation attack detection (PAD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Guray Ozgur , Eduarda Caldeira , Tahar Chettaoui , Fadi Boutros , Raghavendra Ramachandra , Naser Damer

Iris recognition technology has attracted an increasing interest in the last decades in which we have witnessed a migration from research laboratories to real world applications. The deployment of this technology raises questions about the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez , Javier Galbally , Marta Gomez-Barrero

The vulnerability of automated fingerprint recognition systems to presentation attacks (PA), i.e., spoof or altered fingers, has been a growing concern, warranting the development of accurate and efficient presentation attack detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Steven A. Grosz , Tarang Chugh , Anil K. Jain

Human perceptual priors have shown promise in saliency-guided deep learning training, particularly in the domain of iris presentation attack detection (PAD). Common saliency approaches include hand annotations obtained via mouse clicks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Byron Dowling , Jacob Piland , Eleanor Frederick , Christopher Sweet , Adam Czajka

The robustness and generalization ability of Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) methods is critical to ensure the security of Face Recognition Systems (FRSs). However, in a real scenario, Presentation Attacks (PAs) are various and it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Wentian Zhang , Haozhe Liu , Feng Liu , Raghavendra Ramachandra , Christoph Busch

The vulnerability against presentation attacks is a crucial problem undermining the wide-deployment of face recognition systems. Though presentation attack detection (PAD) systems try to address this problem, the lack of generalization and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Anjith George , David Geissbuhler , Sebastien Marcel

An iris biometric system can be compromised by presentation attacks (PAs) where artifacts such as artificial eyes, printed eye images, or cosmetic contact lenses are presented to the system. To counteract this, several presentation attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shivangi Yadav , Arun Ross

Iris Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) is essential to secure iris recognition systems. Recent iris PAD solutions achieved good performance by leveraging deep learning techniques. However, most results were reported under intra-database…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Meiling Fang , Fadi Boutros , Naser Damer

Cross-spectral face recognition systems are designed to enhance the performance of facial recognition systems by enabling cross-modal matching under challenging operational conditions. A particularly relevant application is the matching of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Anjith George , Sebastien Marcel

An iris recognition system is vulnerable to presentation attacks, or PAs, where an adversary presents artifacts such as printed eyes, plastic eyes, or cosmetic contact lenses to circumvent the system. In this work, we propose an effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Renu Sharma , Arun Ross

Diversity and unpredictability of artifacts potentially presented to an iris sensor calls for presentation attack detection methods that are agnostic to specificity of presentation attack instruments. This paper proposes a method that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Zhaoyuan Fang , Adam Czajka , Kevin W. Bowyer

This paper presents a deep-learning-based method for iris presentation attack detection (PAD) when iris images are obtained from deceased people. Our approach is based on the VGG-16 architecture fine-tuned with a database of 574…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Mateusz Trokielewicz , Adam Czajka , Piotr Maciejewicz

Iris recognition systems, operating in the near infrared spectrum (NIR), have demonstrated vulnerability to presentation attacks, where an adversary uses artifacts such as cosmetic contact lenses, artificial eyes or printed iris images in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Darshika Jauhari , Renu Sharma , Cunjian Chen , Nelson Sepulveda , Arun Ross
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