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Residual connections with PreNorm are standard in modern LLMs, yet they accumulate all layer outputs with fixed unit weights. This uniform aggregation causes uncontrolled hidden-state growth with depth, progressively diluting each layer's…

Linear attention offers a linear-time alternative to self-attention but often struggles to capture long-range patterns. We revisit linear attention through a prediction-correction lens and show that prevalent variants can be written as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xunhao Lai , Jialiang Kang , Jianqiao Lu , Tong Lin , Pengyu Zhao

Transformer networks have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains, leveraging a variety of architectural innovations, including residual connections. However, traditional residual connections, which simply sum the outputs of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Mike Heddes , Adel Javanmard , Kyriakos Axiotis , Gang Fu , MohammadHossein Bateni , Vahab Mirrokni

Recent work has made clear that the residual pathway is not mere optimization plumbing; it is part of the model's representational machinery. We agree, but argue that the cleanest way to organize this design space is through a two-axis view…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yifan Zhang

Transformer residual streams evolve by additive accumulation: each layer appends a feature update to a shared hidden state, but has no direct mechanism for replacing content that has become obsolete or conflicting. We introduce Deep Delta…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yifan Zhang , Yifeng Liu , Mengdi Wang , Quanquan Gu

Attention mechanisms have recently demonstrated impressive performance on a range of NLP tasks, and attention scores are often used as a proxy for model explainability. However, there is a debate on whether attention weights can, in fact,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Bingyang Wen , K. P. Subbalakshmi , Fan Yang

Transformers with linear attention (i.e., linear transformers) and state-space models have recently been suggested as a viable linear-time alternative to transformers with softmax attention. However, these models still underperform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Songlin Yang , Bailin Wang , Yu Zhang , Yikang Shen , Yoon Kim

In the field of Large Language Models (LLMs), Attention Residuals have recently demonstrated that learned, selective aggregation over all preceding layer outputs can outperform fixed residual connections. We propose Cross-Stage Attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xinyu Liu , Qing Xu , Zhen Chen

More and more evidence has shown that strengthening layer interactions can enhance the representation power of a deep neural network, while self-attention excels at learning interdependencies by retrieving query-activated information.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Yanwen Fang , Yuxi Cai , Jintai Chen , Jingyu Zhao , Guangjian Tian , Guodong Li

Transformer is a ubiquitous model for natural language processing and has attracted wide attentions in computer vision. The attention maps are indispensable for a transformer model to encode the dependencies among input tokens. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Yujing Wang , Yaming Yang , Jiangang Bai , Mingliang Zhang , Jing Bai , Jing Yu , Ce Zhang , Gao Huang , Yunhai Tong

Linear attention replaces the unbounded cache of softmax attention with a fixed-size recurrent state, reducing sequence mixing to linear time and decoding to constant memory. The hard part is not just what to forget, but how to edit this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ali Hatamizadeh , Yejin Choi , Jan Kautz

Transformer models typically calculate attention matrices using dot products, which have limitations when capturing nonlinear relationships between embedding vectors. We propose Neural Attention, a technique that replaces dot products with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Andrew DiGiugno , Ausif Mahmood

The Transformer architecture has significantly advanced deep learning, particularly in natural language processing, by effectively managing long-range dependencies. However, as the demand for understanding complex relationships grows,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Qinglin Zhang , Siqi Zheng , Shiliang Zhang , Chong Deng , Hai Yu , Jiaqing Liu , Yukun Ma , Chong Zhang

Lightweight super resolution networks have extremely importance for real-world applications. In recent years several SR deep learning approaches with outstanding achievement have been introduced by sacrificing memory and computational cost.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-10 Armin Mehri , Parichehr B. Ardakani , Angel D. Sappa

In this paper, we propose a recurrent neural network (RNN) with residual attention (RRA) to learn long-range dependencies from sequential data. We propose to add residual connections across timesteps to RNN, which explicitly enhances the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Cheng Wang

Transfer learning through fine-tuning a pre-trained neural network with an extremely large dataset, such as ImageNet, can significantly accelerate training while the accuracy is frequently bottlenecked by the limited dataset size of the new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Xingjian Li , Haoyi Xiong , Hanchao Wang , Yuxuan Rao , Liping Liu , Zeyu Chen , Jun Huan

In this work, we propose "Residual Attention Network", a convolutional neural network using attention mechanism which can incorporate with state-of-art feed forward network architecture in an end-to-end training fashion. Our Residual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-25 Fei Wang , Mengqing Jiang , Chen Qian , Shuo Yang , Cheng Li , Honggang Zhang , Xiaogang Wang , Xiaoou Tang

The Softmax attention mechanism in Transformer models is notoriously computationally expensive, particularly due to its quadratic complexity, posing significant challenges in vision applications. In contrast, linear attention provides a far…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Qihang Fan , Huaibo Huang , Ran He

Differential Attention (DA) has been proposed as a refinement to standard attention, suppressing redundant or noisy context through a subtractive structure and thereby reducing contextual hallucination. While this design sharpens…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Tsubasa Takahashi , Shojiro Yamabe , Futa Waseda , Kento Sasaki

The attention mechanism of a transformer has a quadratic complexity, leading to high inference costs and latency for long sequences. However, attention matrices are mostly sparse, which implies that many entries may be omitted from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jeffrey Willette , Heejun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang
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