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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is essential for integrating external knowledge into Large Language Model (LLM) outputs. While the literature on RAG is growing, it primarily focuses on systematic reviews and comparisons of new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Matouš Eibich , Shivay Nagpal , Alexander Fred-Ojala

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable achievements in various domains. However, the untimeliness and cost of knowledge updates coupled with hallucination issues of LLMs have curtailed their applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chunjing Gan , Dan Yang , Binbin Hu , Hanxiao Zhang , Siyuan Li , Ziqi Liu , Yue Shen , Lin Ju , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jinjie Gu , Lei Liang , Jun Zhou

Understanding documents with rich layouts and multi-modal components is a long-standing and practical task. Recent Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have made remarkable strides in various tasks, particularly in single-page document…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Yubo Ma , Yuhang Zang , Liangyu Chen , Meiqi Chen , Yizhu Jiao , Xinze Li , Xinyuan Lu , Ziyu Liu , Yan Ma , Xiaoyi Dong , Pan Zhang , Liangming Pan , Yu-Gang Jiang , Jiaqi Wang , Yixin Cao , Aixin Sun

Visually rich documents (VRDs) challenge retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with layout-dependent semantics, brittle OCR, and evidence spread across complex figures and structured tables. This survey examines how Multimodal Large Language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xiantao Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) empowers large language models to access external and private corpus, enabling factually consistent responses in specific domains. By exploiting the inherent structure of the corpus, graph-based RAG…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Tianyang Xu , Haojie Zheng , Chengze Li , Haoxiang Chen , Yixin Liu , Ruoxi Chen , Lichao Sun

The scaling of large language models to encode all the world's knowledge in model parameters is unsustainable and has exacerbated resource barriers. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) presents a potential solution, yet its application to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Varun Nagaraj Rao , Siddharth Choudhary , Aditya Deshpande , Ravi Kumar Satzoda , Srikar Appalaraju

Document parsing has recently advanced with multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that directly map document images to structured outputs. Traditional cascaded pipelines depend on precise layout analysis and often fail under casually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Gengluo Li , Pengyuan Lyu , Chengquan Zhang , Huawen Shen , Liang Wu , Xingyu Wan , Gangyan Zeng , Han Hu , Can Ma , Yu Zhou

AI search depends on linking large language models (LLMs) with vast external knowledge sources. Yet web pages, PDF files, and other raw documents are not inherently LLM-ready: they are long, noisy, and unstructured. Conventional retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hongjin Qian , Zheng Liu

Corporate credit underwriting requires analysts to extract actionable evidence from long, heterogeneous financial documents spanning hundreds of pages and multiple languages. Standard Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines optimize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Linus Ng Junjia , Ezekiel Tee Kongquan , Kelvin Heng , Kenneth Zhu Ke , Zhao Jing Yuan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation systems depend on retrieving semantically relevant document chunks to support accurate, grounded outputs from large language models. In structured and repetitive corpora such as regulatory filings, chunk…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Raquib Bin Yousuf , Shengzhe Xu , Mandar Sharma , Andrew Neeser , Chris Latimer , Naren Ramakrishnan

Various industries have produced a large number of documents such as industrial plans, technical guidelines, and regulations that are structurally complex and content-wise fragmented. This poses significant challenges for experts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hongjia Wu , Hongxin Zhang , Wei Chen , Jiazhi Xia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using large language models (LLMs) often generate inaccurate responses due to the retrieval of irrelevant or loosely related information. Existing methods, which operate at the document level,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ishneet Sukhvinder Singh , Ritvik Aggarwal , Ibrahim Allahverdiyev , Muhammad Taha , Aslihan Akalin , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

The efficient processing of long context poses a serious challenge for large language models (LLMs). Recently, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising strategy for this problem, as it enables LLMs to make selective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kun Luo , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang , Hongjin Qian , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a standard framework for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks, combining large language models (LLMs) with document retrieval from external corpora. Despite its widespread use, most RAG pipelines…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mandeep Rathee , V Venktesh , Sean MacAvaney , Avishek Anand

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a new paradigm for enhancing Large Language Model reliability through integration with external knowledge sources. However, efficient deployment of these systems presents significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Bodun Hu , Luis Pabon , Saurabh Agarwal , Aditya Akella

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enriches large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge for long-context understanding and multi-hop reasoning, but existing methods face a granularity dilemma: fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yaxiong Wu , Jianyuan Bo , Yongyue Zhang , Sheng Liang , Yong Liu

Most enterprise document AI today is a pipeline. Parse, index, retrieve, generate. Each of those stages has been studied to death on its own -- what's still hard is evaluating the system as a whole. We built EnterpriseDocBench to take a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Saurabh K. Singh , Sachin Raj

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) for domain-specific question-answering (QA) tasks by leveraging external knowledge sources. However, traditional RAG systems primarily focus on relevance-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Mohammad Reza Rezaei , Adji Bousso Dieng

Chunking information is a key step in Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG). Current research primarily centers on paragraph-level chunking. This approach treats all texts as equal and neglects the information contained in the structure of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Antonio Jimeno Yepes , Yao You , Jan Milczek , Sebastian Laverde , Renyu Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) helps large language models (LLMs) answer knowledge-intensive and time-sensitive questions by conditioning generation on external evidence. However, most RAG systems still retrieve unstructured chunks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jiashuo Sun , Yixuan Xie , Jimeng Shi , Shaowen Wang , Jiawei Han