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Learning the causal structure that underlies data is a crucial step towards robust real-world decision making. The majority of existing work in causal inference focuses on determining a single directed acyclic graph (DAG) or a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Yashas Annadani , Jonas Rothfuss , Alexandre Lacoste , Nino Scherrer , Anirudh Goyal , Yoshua Bengio , Stefan Bauer

The paper concerns the problem of predicting the effect of actions or interventions on a system from a combination of (i) statistical data on a set of observed variables, and (ii) qualitative causal knowledge encoded in the form of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Carlos Brito , Judea Pearl

Inferring the causal relationships among a set of variables in the form of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is an important but notoriously challenging problem. Recently, advancements in high-throughput genomic perturbation screens have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Seong Woo Han , Daniel Duy Vo , Brielin C. Brown

Semantic parses are directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), so semantic parsing should be modeled as graph prediction. But predicting graphs presents difficult technical challenges, so it is simpler and more common to predict the linearized graphs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Federico Fancellu , Sorcha Gilroy , Adam Lopez , Mirella Lapata

Learning DAG structures from purely observational data remains a long-standing challenge across scientific domains. An emerging line of research leverages the score of the data distribution to initially identify a topological order of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Vy Vo , He Zhao , Trung Le , Edwin V. Bonilla , Dinh Phung

Causal structure learning from observational data remains a non-trivial task due to various factors such as finite sampling, unobserved confounding factors, and measurement errors. Constraint-based and score-based methods tend to suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Rezaur Rashid , Jawad Chowdhury , Gabriel Terejanu

Bayesian networks are probabilistic graphical models widely employed to understand dependencies in high dimensional data, and even to facilitate causal discovery. Learning the underlying network structure, which is encoded as a directed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-03 Jack Kuipers , Polina Suter , Giusi Moffa

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are widely used to represent structured knowledge in scientific and technical domains. However, datasets for real-world DAGs remain scarce because constructing them typically requires expert interpretation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Shu Wan , Saketh Vishnubhatla , Iskander Kushbay , Tom Heffernan , Aaron Belikoff , Raha Moraffah , Huan Liu

Covariance estimation and selection for high-dimensional multivariate datasets is a fundamental problem in modern statistics. Gaussian directed acyclic graph (DAG) models are a popular class of models used for this purpose. Gaussian DAG…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-12 Xuan Cao , Kshitij Khare , Malay Ghosh

We propose a joint order-based scoring framework for causal structure learning of directed acyclic graph (DAG) models under heterogeneous data settings. We show that leveraging heterogeneity improves the accuracy of causal ordering…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-18 Hyunwoong Chang , Fariha Taskin

Causal relationships among a set of variables are commonly represented by a directed acyclic graph. The orientations of some edges in the causal DAG can be discovered from observational/interventional data. Further edges can be oriented by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Ramin Safaeian , Saber Salehkaleybar , Mahmoud Tabandeh

Learning causal relationships between variables is a fundamental task in causal inference and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are a popular choice to represent the causal relationships. As one can recover a causal graph only up to its Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Davin Choo , Kirankumar Shiragur

When designing new molecules with particular properties, it is not only important what to make but crucially how to make it. These instructions form a synthesis directed acyclic graph (DAG), describing how a large vocabulary of simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 John Bradshaw , Brooks Paige , Matt J. Kusner , Marwin H. S. Segler , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) can be characterised as directed graphs whose strongly connected components are isolated vertices. Using this restriction on the strong components, we discover that when $m = cn$, where $m$ is the number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-21 Élie de Panafieu , Sergey Dovgal

The use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to represent conditional independence relations among random variables has proved fruitful in a variety of ways. Recursive structural equation models are one kind of DAG model. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Peter L. Spirtes

Conventional methods for causal structure learning from data face significant challenges due to combinatorial search space. Recently, the problem has been formulated into a continuous optimization framework with an acyclicity constraint to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Hristo Petkov , Colin Hanley , Feng Dong

Discovering causal structure from purely observational data (i.e., causal discovery), aiming to identify causal relationships among variables, is a fundamental task in machine learning. The recent invention of differentiable score-based DAG…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Fangfu Liu , Wenchang Ma , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Yueqi Duan , Tat-Seng Chua

A directed acyclic graph (DAG) partially represents the conditional independence structure among observations of a system if the local Markov condition holds, that is, if every variable is independent of its non-descendants given its…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-28 Bastian Steudel , Nihat Ay

We propose a self-stabilizing algorithm to construct a minimal weakly $\mathcal{ST}$-reachable directed acyclic graph (DAG), which is suited for routing messages on wireless networks. Given an arbitrary, simple, connected, and undirected…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Junya Nakamura , Masahiro Shibata , Yuichi Sudo , Yonghwan Kim

Identifying causal relations among multi-variate time series is one of the most important elements towards understanding the complex mechanisms underlying the dynamic system. It provides critical tools for forecasting, simulations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Yang Sun , Yifan Xie