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Random directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) based on imposing an order on Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi and scale free random graphs are widely used for evaluating causal discovery algorithms. We show that in such DAGs, the set of nodes reachable via open…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-08 Alexander G. Reisach , Antoine Chambaz , Gilles Blanchard , Sebastian Weichwald

New biological assays like Perturb-seq link highly parallel CRISPR interventions to a high-dimensional transcriptomic readout, providing insight into gene regulatory networks. Causal gene regulatory networks can be represented by directed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-22 Albert Xue , Jingyou Rao , Sriram Sankararaman , Harold Pimentel

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are commonly used to represent causal relationships among random variables in graphical models. Applications of these models arise in the study of physical, as well as biological systems, where directed edges…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-12-01 Ali Shojaie , George Michailidis

Background: Diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies, like etiological studies, are susceptible to various biases including reference standard error bias, partial verification bias, spectrum effect, confounding, and bias from misassumption of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-21 Yang Lu , Nandini Dendukuri

Discovering causal structure among a set of variables is a fundamental problem in many empirical sciences. Traditional score-based casual discovery methods rely on various local heuristics to search for a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Shengyu Zhu , Ignavier Ng , Zhitang Chen

Recently directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure learning is formulated as a constrained continuous optimization problem with continuous acyclicity constraints and was solved iteratively through subproblem optimization. To further improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Yue Yu , Tian Gao , Naiyu Yin , Qiang Ji

Discovering causal structures from multivariate time series is a key problem because interactions span across multiple lags and possibly involve instantaneous dependencies. Additionally, the search space of the dynamic graphs is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sourajit Das , Dibyajyoti Chakraborty , Romit Maulik

We propose a linear-time, single-pass, top-down algorithm for multiple testing on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), where nodes represent hypotheses and edges specify a partial ordering in which hypotheses must be tested. The procedure is…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-06 Aaditya Ramdas , Jianbo Chen , Martin J. Wainwright , Michael I. Jordan

Causal models seek to unravel the cause-effect relationships among variables from observed data, as opposed to mere mappings among them, as traditional regression models do. This paper introduces a novel causal discovery algorithm designed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Saeed Mohseni-Sehdeh , Walid Saad

Structural learning of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) or Bayesian networks has been studied extensively under the assumption that data are independent. We propose a new Gaussian DAG model for dependent data which assumes the observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-30 Hangjian Li , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Qing Zhou

Capturing the underlying structural causal relations represented by Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) has been a fundamental task in various AI disciplines. Causal DAG learning via the continuous optimization framework has recently achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Naiyu Yin , Tian Gao , Yue Yu , Qiang Ji

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are a class of graphs commonly used in practice, with examples that include electronic circuits, Bayesian networks, and neural architectures. While many effective encoders exist for DAGs, it remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Michael Sun , Orion Foo , Gang Liu , Wojciech Matusik , Jie Chen

This paper considers the problem of estimating the structure of multiple related directed acyclic graph (DAG) models. Building on recent developments in exact estimation of DAGs using integer linear programming (ILP), we present an ILP…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-13 Chris J. Oates , Jim Q. Smith , Sach Mukherjee , James Cussens

Causal inference aids researchers in discovering cause-and-effect relationships, leading to scientific insights. Accurate causal estimation requires identifying confounding variables to avoid false discoveries. Pearl's causal model uses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Anna Zeng , Michael Cafarella , Batya Kenig , Markos Markakis , Brit Youngmann , Babak Salimi

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) models, also called Bayesian networks, impose conditional independence constraints on a multivariate probability distribution, and are widely used in probabilistic reasoning, machine learning and causal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Robin J. Evans

Recent advances have established the identifiability of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) under additive noise models (ANMs), spurring the development of various causal discovery methods. However, most existing methods make restrictive model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-24 Stella Huang , Qing Zhou

In the context of inferring a Bayesian network structure (directed acyclic graph, DAG for short), we devise a non-reversible continuous time Markov chain, the ``Causal Zig-Zag sampler'', that targets a probability distribution over classes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-12 Moritz Schauer , Marcel Wienöbst

Bayesian networks represent relations between variables using a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Learning the DAG is an NP-hard problem and exact learning algorithms are feasible only for small sets of variables. We propose two scalable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Pierre Gillot , Pekka Parviainen

Bayesian causal discovery aims to infer the posterior distribution over causal models from observed data, quantifying epistemic uncertainty and benefiting downstream tasks. However, computational challenges arise due to joint inference over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Yashas Annadani , Nick Pawlowski , Joel Jennings , Stefan Bauer , Cheng Zhang , Wenbo Gong

Recursive linear structural equation models and the associated directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) play an important role in causal discovery. The classic identifiability result for this class of models states that when only observational data…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-21 Jun Wu , Mathias Drton