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Text and faces are among the most perceptually salient and practically important patterns in visual generation, yet they remain challenging for autoregressive generators built on discrete tokenization. A central bottleneck is the tokenizer:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yang Yue , Fangyun Wei , Tianyu He , Jinjing Zhao , Zanlin Ni , Zeyu Liu , Jiayi Guo , Lei Shi , Yue Dong , Li Chen , Ji Li , Gao Huang , Dong Chen

Recently, the remarkable advance of the Large Language Model (LLM) has inspired researchers to transfer its extraordinary reasoning capability to both vision and language data. However, the prevailing approaches primarily regard the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yang Jin , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Chao Liao , Jianchao Tan , Quzhe Huang , Bin Chen , Chenyi Lei , An Liu , Chengru Song , Xiaoqiang Lei , Di Zhang , Wenwu Ou , Kun Gai , Yadong Mu

AI-generated image detection has become increasingly important with the rapid advancement of generative AI. However, detectors built on Vision Foundation Models (VFMs, \emph{e.g.}, CLIP) often struggle to generalize to images created using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Chao Shuai , Zhenguang Liu , Shaojing Fan , Bin Gong , Weichen Lian , Xiuli Bi , Zhongjie Ba , Kui Ren

We propose V2Flow, a novel tokenizer that produces discrete visual tokens capable of high-fidelity reconstruction, while ensuring structural and latent distribution alignment with the vocabulary space of large language models (LLMs).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Guiwei Zhang , Tianyu Zhang , Mohan Zhou , Yalong Bai , Biye Li

Foundation models have emerged as a promising approach in time series forecasting (TSF). Existing approaches either repurpose large language models (LLMs) or build large-scale time series datasets to develop TSF foundation models for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Mouxiang Chen , Lefei Shen , Zhuo Li , Xiaoyun Joy Wang , Jianling Sun , Chenghao Liu

We introduce CompTok, a training framework for learning visual tokenizers whose tokens are enhanced for compositionality. CompTok uses a token-conditioned diffusion decoder. By employing an InfoGAN-style objective, where we train a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Bingchen Zhao , Qiushan Guo , Ye Wang , Yixuan Huang , Zhonghua Zhai , Yu Tian

Foundation models or pre-trained models have substantially improved the performance of various language, vision, and vision-language understanding tasks. However, existing foundation models can only perform the best in one type of tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Xinsong Zhang , Yan Zeng , Jipeng Zhang , Hang Li

Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) have become a de facto choice for many downstream vision tasks, like image classification, image segmentation, and object localization. However, they can also provide significant utility for downstream 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Johannes Spoecklberger , Wei Lin , Pedro Hermosilla , Sivan Doveh , Horst Possegger , M. Jehanzeb Mirza

Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) have become the cornerstone of modern computer vision, offering robust representations across a wide array of tasks. While recent advances allow these models to handle varying input sizes during training,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Bocheng Zou , Mu Cai , Mark Stanley , Dingfu Lu , Yong Jae Lee

We present AToken, the first unified visual tokenizer that achieves both high-fidelity reconstruction and semantic understanding across images, videos, and 3D assets. Unlike existing tokenizers that specialize in either reconstruction or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Jiasen Lu , Liangchen Song , Mingze Xu , Byeongjoo Ahn , Yanjun Wang , Chen Chen , Afshin Dehghan , Yinfei Yang

Current visual grounding models are either based on a Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) that performs auto-regressive decoding, which is slow and risks hallucinations, or on re-aligning an LLM with vision features to learn new special…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Weitai Kang , Jason Kuen , Mengwei Ren , Zijun Wei , Yan Yan , Kangning Liu

Real-world weather, illumination, and imaging variations often induce severe domain shifts, degrading single-source detectors in unseen environments. Existing single-domain generalized object detection (SDGOD) methods mainly rely on data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yupeng Zhang , Ruize Han , Ningnan Guo , Wei Feng , Song Wang , Liang Wan

This paper presents a multimodal framework that attempts to unify visual understanding and generation within a shared discrete semantic representation. At its core is the Text-Aligned Tokenizer (TA-Tok), which converts images into discrete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jiaming Han , Hao Chen , Yang Zhao , Hanyu Wang , Qi Zhao , Ziyan Yang , Hao He , Xiangyu Yue , Lu Jiang

Image tokenizers are crucial for visual generative models, e.g., diffusion models (DMs) and autoregressive (AR) models, as they construct the latent representation for modeling. Increasing token length is a common approach to improve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Xiang Li , Kai Qiu , Hao Chen , Jason Kuen , Jiuxiang Gu , Bhiksha Raj , Zhe Lin

Existing 1D visual tokenizers for autoregressive (AR) generation largely follow the design principles of language modeling, as they are built directly upon transformers whose priors originate in language, yielding single-hierarchy latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xu Zhang , Cheng Da , Huan Yang , Kun Gai , Ming Lu , Zhan Ma

Bridging different modalities lies at the heart of cross-modality generation. While conventional approaches treat the text modality as a conditioning signal that gradually guides the denoising process from Gaussian noise to the target image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Ju He , Qihang Yu , Qihao Liu , Liang-Chieh Chen

Large unimodal foundation models for vision and language encode rich semantic structures, yet aligning them typically requires computationally intensive multimodal fine-tuning. Such approaches depend on large-scale parameter updates, are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Abhishek Dalvi , Vasant Honavar

We completely discard the conventional spatial prior in image representation and introduce a novel discrete visual tokenizer: Self-consistency Tokenizer (Selftok). At its design core, we compose an autoregressive (AR) prior -- mirroring the…

Latent diffusion models (LDMs) enable high-fidelity synthesis by operating in learned latent spaces. However, training state-of-the-art LDMs requires complex staging: a tokenizer must be trained first, before the diffusion model can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shivam Duggal , Xingjian Bai , Zongze Wu , Richard Zhang , Eli Shechtman , Antonio Torralba , Phillip Isola , William T. Freeman

Vision Transformer (ViT) autoencoders have emerged as compelling tokenizers for images, offering improved reconstruction over convolutional tokenizers. However, existing ViT tokenizers cannot explore this landscape as performance degrades…