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Autonomous driving faces critical challenges in rare long-tail events and complex multi-agent interactions, which are scarce in real-world data yet essential for robust safety validation. This paper presents a high-fidelity scenario…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuhang Wang , Heye Huang , Zhenhua Xu , Kailai Sun , Baoshen Guo , Jinhua Zhao

Evaluating the decision-making system is indispensable in developing autonomous vehicles, while realistic and challenging safety-critical test scenarios play a crucial role. Obtaining these scenarios is non-trivial, thanks to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Kunkun Hao , Yonggang Luo , Wen Cui , Yuqiao Bai , Jucheng Yang , Songyang Yan , Yuxi Pan , Zijiang Yang

Interaction between the background vehicles (BVs) and automated vehicles (AVs) in scenario-based testing plays a critical role in evaluating the intelligence of the AVs. Current testing scenarios typically employ predefined or scripted BVs,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Yining Ma , Wei Jiang , Lingtong Zhang , Junyi Chen , Hong Wang , Chen Lv , Xuesong Wang , Lu Xiong

Simulation forms the backbone of modern self-driving development. Simulators help develop, test, and improve driving systems without putting humans, vehicles, or their environment at risk. However, simulators face a major challenge: They…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Shuhan Tan , Boris Ivanovic , Xinshuo Weng , Marco Pavone , Philipp Kraehenbuehl

Game-based interactive driving simulations have emerged as versatile platforms for advancing decision-making algorithms in road transport mobility. While these environments offer safe, scalable, and engaging settings for testing driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhihao Lin , Zhen Tian

The rapid advancement of autonomous driving (AD) technologies has outpaced the development of robust safety evaluation methods. Conventional testing relies on exposing AD systems to vast numbers of real-world traffic scenes -- a brute-force…

Automated creation of synthetic traffic scenarios is a key part of validating the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs). In this paper, we propose Scenario Diffusion, a novel diffusion-based architecture for generating traffic scenarios that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Ethan Pronovost , Meghana Reddy Ganesina , Noureldin Hendy , Zeyu Wang , Andres Morales , Kai Wang , Nicholas Roy

Accurate trajectory prediction of vehicles at roundabouts is critical for reducing traffic accidents, yet it remains highly challenging due to their circular road geometry, continuous merging and yielding interactions, and absence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaotong Zhou , Zhenhui Yuan , Yi Han , Tianhua Xu , Laurence T. Yang

Trajectory generation for visually impaired scenarios requires smooth and temporally consistent state in structured, low-speed dynamic environments. However, traditional jerk-based heuristic trajectory sampling with independent segment…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yuting Zeng , Manping Fan , You Zhou , Yongbin Yu , Zhiwen Zheng , Jingtao Zhang , Liyong Ren , Zhenglin Yang

Generating safety-critical scenarios, which are crucial yet difficult to collect, provides an effective way to evaluate the robustness of autonomous driving systems. However, the diversity of scenarios and efficiency of generation methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Wenhao Ding , Haohong Lin , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

For highly automated driving above SAE level~3, behavior generation algorithms must reliably consider the inherent uncertainties of the traffic environment, e.g. arising from the variety of human driving styles. Such uncertainties can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Julian Bernhard , Stefan Pollok , Alois Knoll

With the rapid development of autonomous vehicles, there is an increasing demand for scenario-based testing to simulate diverse driving scenarios. However, as the base of any driving scenarios, road scenarios (e.g., road topology and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Fan Yang , You Lu , Bihuan Chen , Peng Qin , Xin Peng

The increasing, high-risk interactions between vehicles and vulnerable micromobility users, such as e-scooter riders, challenge vehicular safety functions and Automated Driving (AD) techniques, often resulting in severe consequences due to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Abin Mathew , Zhitong He , Lingxi Li , Yaobin Chen

Decision-making in long-tail scenarios is pivotal to autonomous-driving development, and realistic and challenging simulations play a crucial role in testing safety-critical situations. However, existing open-source datasets lack systematic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chuancheng Zhang , Zhenhao Wang , Jiangcheng Wang , Kun Su , Qiang Lv , Bin Jiang , Kunkun Hao , Wenyu Wang

We present ReinDriveGen, a framework that enables full controllability over dynamic driving scenes, allowing users to freely edit actor trajectories to simulate safety-critical corner cases such as front-vehicle collisions, drifting cars,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Hao Zhang , Lue Fan , Weikang Bian , Zehuan Wu , Lewei Lu , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Hongsheng Li

Autonomous systems, such as self-driving vehicles, quadrupeds, and robot manipulators, are largely enabled by the rapid development of artificial intelligence. However, such systems involve several trustworthy challenges such as safety,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Wenhao Ding

Adversarial scenario generation is crucial for autonomous driving testing because it can efficiently simulate various challenge and complex traffic conditions. However, it is difficult to control current existing methods to generate desired…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Shuo Yang , Caojun Wang , Yuanjian Zhang , Yuming Yin , Yanjun Huang , Shengbo Eben Li , Hong Chen

We introduce ScenarioControl, the first vision-language control mechanism for learned driving scenario generation. Given a text prompt or an input image, Scenario-Control synthesizes diverse, realistic 3D scenario rollouts - including map,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lili Gao , Yanbo Xu , William Koch , Samuele Ruffino , Luke Rowe , Behdad Chalaki , Dmitriy Rivkin , Julian Ost , Roger Girgis , Mario Bijelic , Felix Heide

Autonomous vehicles hold great promise in improving the future of transportation. The driving models used in these vehicles are based on neural networks, which can be difficult to validate. However, ensuring the safety of these models is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Maximilian Zipfl , Sven Spickermann , J. Marius Zöllner

Work zone navigation remains one of the most challenging manoeuvres for autonomous vehicles (AVs), where constrained geometries and unpredictable traffic patterns create a high-risk environment. Despite extensive research on AV trajectory…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Mayar Nour , Atrisha Sarkar , Mohamed H. Zaki