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Interactive Machine Learning (IML) seeks to integrate human expertise into machine learning processes. However, most existing algorithms cannot be applied to Realworld Scenarios because their state spaces and/or action spaces are limited to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Nikolaus Feith , Elmar Rueckert

Bayesian Optimisation (BO) is a state-of-the-art global optimisation technique for black-box problems where derivative information is unavailable, and sample efficiency is crucial. However, improving the general scalability of BO has proved…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-13 Luo Long , Coralia Cartis , Paz Fink Shustin

Like many optimizers, Bayesian optimization often falls short of gaining user trust due to opacity. While attempts have been made to develop human-centric optimizers, they typically assume user knowledge is well-specified and error-free,…

Lead optimization in drug discovery requires efficiently navigating vast chemical space through iterative cycles to enhance molecular properties while preserving structural similarity to the original lead compound. Despite recent advances,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ziqing Wang , Yibo Wen , William Pattie , Xiao Luo , Weimin Wu , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Abhishek Pandey , Han Liu , Kaize Ding

Bootstrapping large language models (LLMs) through preference-based policy optimization offers a promising direction for aligning model behavior with human preferences without relying on extensive manual annotations. In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Chen Jia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have already been widely adopted for automated algorithm design, demonstrating strong abilities in generating and evolving algorithms across various fields. Existing work has largely focused on examining their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Qi Huang , Furong Ye , Ananta Shahane , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for equation discovery, yet their outputs are highly sensitive to prompt phrasing, a phenomenon we term instruction brittleness. Static prompts cannot adapt to the evolving state of a multi-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Junqi Qu , Yan Zhang , Shangqian Gao , Shibo Li

There are a lot of real-world black-box optimization problems that need to optimize multiple criteria simultaneously. However, in a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem, identifying the whole Pareto front requires the prohibitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Ryota Ozaki , Kazuki Ishikawa , Youhei Kanzaki , Shinya Suzuki , Shion Takeno , Ichiro Takeuchi , Masayuki Karasuyama

Selecting the optimal combination of a machine learning (ML) algorithm and its hyper-parameters is crucial for the development of high-performance ML systems. However, since the combination of ML algorithms and hyper-parameters is enormous,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Kazuki Ishikawa , Ryota Ozaki , Yohei Kanzaki , Ichiro Takeuchi , Masayuki Karasuyama

When applying Bayesian optimization (BO) to scientific workflow, a major yet often overlooked source of uncertainty is the task itself -- namely, what to optimize and how to evaluate it -- which can evolve as evidence accumulates. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Masaki Adachi , Yuta Suzuki , Juliusz Ziomek

Recent work reported that simple Bayesian optimization (BO) methods perform well for high-dimensional real-world tasks, seemingly contradicting prior work and tribal knowledge. This paper investigates why. We identify underlying challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Leonard Papenmeier , Matthias Poloczek , Luigi Nardi

Multi-objective Bayesian optimization has been widely adopted in scientific experiment design, including drug discovery and hyperparameter optimization. In practice, regulatory or safety concerns often impose additional thresholds on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Diantong Li , Fengxue Zhang , Chong Liu , Yuxin Chen

The rapid development of large language model (LLM) alignment algorithms has resulted in a complex and fragmented landscape, with limited clarity on the effectiveness of different methods and their inter-connections. This paper introduces…

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular approach for sample-efficient optimization of black-box objective functions. While BO has been successfully applied to a wide range of scientific applications, traditional approaches to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Natalie Maus , Kaiwen Wu , David Eriksson , Jacob Gardner

We propose a novel constrained Bayesian Optimization (BO) algorithm optimizing the design process of Laterally-Diffused Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors while realizing a target Breakdown Voltage (BV). We convert the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Ping-Ju Chuang , Ali Saadat , Sara Ghazvini , Hal Edwards , William G. Vandenberghe

Preferential Bayesian optimization (PBO) is a framework for optimizing a decision-maker's latent preferences over available design choices. While preferences often involve multiple conflicting objectives, existing work in PBO assumes that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Raul Astudillo , Kejun Li , Maegan Tucker , Chu Xin Cheng , Aaron D. Ames , Yisong Yue

Optimizing objectives under constraints, where both the objectives and constraints are black box functions, is a common scenario in real-world applications such as scientific experimental design, design of medical therapies, and industrial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Fengxue Zhang , Zejie Zhu , Yuxin Chen

Both computational and experimental material discovery bring forth the challenge of exploring multidimensional and often non-differentiable parameter spaces, such as phase diagrams of Hamiltonians with multiple interactions, composition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Arpan Biswas , Sai Mani Prudhvi Valleti , Rama Vasudevan , Maxim Ziatdinov , Sergei V. Kalinin

Optimizing expensive black-box objectives over mixed search spaces is a common challenge across the natural sciences. Bayesian optimization (BO) offers sample-efficient strategies through probabilistic surrogate models and acquisition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuhao Zhang , Ti John , Matthias Stosiek , Patrick Rinke

Large Language Models (LLMs) have driven substantial progress in artificial intelligence in recent years, exhibiting impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks, including mathematical problem-solving. Inspired by the success of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Xueliang Zhao , Xinting Huang , Wei Bi , Lingpeng Kong