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Diffusion models excel in generative tasks, but aligning them with specific objectives while maintaining their versatility remains challenging. Existing fine-tuning methods often suffer from reward over-optimization, while approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Sunwoo Kim , Minkyu Kim , Dongmin Park

We present Diffusion Restore, a real-time framework for diffusion-based MCMC light transport. MCMC methods are highly suitable for sampling from complex high-dimensional distributions and for approximating integrals over them. In practice,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Sascha Holl , Gurprit Singh , Hans-Peter Seidel

We consider the problem of statistical inference for a class of partially-observed diffusion processes, with discretely-observed data and finite-dimensional parameters. We construct unbiased estimators of the score function, i.e. the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-12 Jeremy Heng , Jeremie Houssineau , Ajay Jasra

Importance sampling is a widely used technique to reduce the variance of a Monte Carlo estimator by an appropriate change of measure. In this work, we study importance sam- pling in the framework of diffusion process and consider the change…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-03-28 Carsten Hartmann , Christof Schütte , Marcus Weber , Wei Zhang

Modeling physical phenomena like heat transport and diffusion is crucially dependent on the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). A PDE solver finds the solution given coefficients and a boundary condition, whereas an…

Graphics · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Ekrem Fatih Yılmazer , Delio Vicini , Wenzel Jakob

The critical step in a molecular process is often a rare-event and has to be simulated by an enhanced sampling protocol. Recovering accurate dynamical estimates from such biased simulation is challenging. Girsanov reweighting is a method to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-03-28 Stefanie Kieninger , Simon Ghysbrecht , Bettina G. Keller

We develop a framework for non-asymptotic analysis of deterministic samplers used for diffusion generative modeling. Several recent works have analyzed stochastic samplers using tools like Girsanov's theorem and a chain rule variant of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Sitan Chen , Giannis Daras , Alexandros G. Dimakis

In this paper we develop a continuous-time sequential importance sampling (CIS) algorithm which eliminates time-discretisation errors and provides online unbiased estimation for continuous time Markov processes, in particular for…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-19 Paul Fearnhead , Krzystof Latuszynski , Gareth O. Roberts , Giorgos Sermaidis

Diffusions are a fundamental class of models in many fields, including finance, engineering, and biology. Simulating diffusions is challenging as their sample paths are infinite-dimensional and their transition functions are typically…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-11 Paul A. Jenkins , Murray Pollock , Gareth O. Roberts , Michael Sørensen

Learning to sample from complex unnormalized distributions is a fundamental challenge in computational physics and machine learning. While score-based and variational methods have achieved success in continuous domains, extending them to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-11 Lei Li , Zhen Wang , Lishuo Zhang

Score-based modeling through stochastic differential equations (SDEs) has provided a new perspective on diffusion models, and demonstrated superior performance on continuous data. However, the gradient of the log-likelihood function, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Haoran Sun , Lijun Yu , Bo Dai , Dale Schuurmans , Hanjun Dai

Score-based diffusion models (SBDMs) are powerful amortized samplers for Boltzmann distributions; however, imperfect score estimates bias downstream Monte Carlo estimates. Classical importance sampling (IS) can correct this bias, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Fengzhe Zhang , Laurence I. Midgley , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Score-based diffusion models provide a powerful way to model images using the gradient of the data distribution. Leveraging the learned score function as a prior, here we introduce a way to sample data from a conditional distribution given…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-19 Hyungjin Chung , Jong Chul Ye

Discrete diffusion models have recently emerged as a powerful class of generative models for chemistry and biology data. In these fields, the goal is to generate various samples with high rewards (e.g., drug-likeness in molecules), making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Prin Phunyaphibarn , Minhyuk Sung

Diffusion models generate samples through an iterative denoising process, guided by a neural network. While training the denoiser on real-world data is computationally demanding, the sampling procedure itself is more flexible. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Constant Bourdrez , Alexandre Vérine , Olivier Cappé

Score-based diffusion models have significantly advanced generative deep learning for image processing. Measurement conditioned models have also been applied to inverse problems such as CT reconstruction. However, the conventional approach,…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-02-24 Matthew Tivnan , Dufan Wu , Quanzheng Li

Diffusion models are state-of-the-art methods in generative modeling when samples from a target probability distribution are available, and can be efficiently sampled, using score matching to estimate score vectors guiding a Langevin…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-21 Omar Chehab , Anna Korba

Diffusion models have emerged as a dominant framework for generative modeling, but their mathematical foundations are often presented separately through diffusion probabilistic models, score-based modeling, stochastic differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiayi Fu , Yuxia Wang

Despite the remarkable generation capabilities of Diffusion Models (DMs), conducting training and inference remains computationally expensive. Previous works have been devoted to accelerating diffusion sampling, but achieving data-efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yize Li , Yihua Zhang , Sijia Liu , Xue Lin

Score-based diffusion models are a powerful class of generative models, but their practical use often depends on training neural networks to approximate the score function. Training-free diffusion models provide an attractive alternative by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Pengjun Wang , Zezhong Zhang , Minglei Yang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang