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When facing uncertainty, decision-makers want predictions they can trust. A machine learning provider can convey confidence to decision-makers by guaranteeing their predictions are distribution calibrated -- amongst the inputs that receive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-14 Shengjia Zhao , Michael P. Kim , Roshni Sahoo , Tengyu Ma , Stefano Ermon

A suitable scalar metric can help measure multi-calibration, defined as follows. When the expected values of observed responses are equal to corresponding predicted probabilities, the probabilistic predictions are known as "perfectly…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-17 Ido Guy , Daniel Haimovich , Fridolin Linder , Nastaran Okati , Lorenzo Perini , Niek Tax , Mark Tygert

The wide-spread adoption of representation learning technologies in clinical decision making strongly emphasizes the need for characterizing model reliability and enabling rigorous introspection of model behavior. While the former need is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Prasanna Sattigeri , Deepta Rajan , Bindya Venkatesh

We propose a learning framework for calibrating predictive models to make loss-controlling prediction for exchangeable data, which extends our recently proposed conformal loss-controlling prediction for more general cases. By comparison,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Di Wang , Junzhi Shi , Pingping Wang , Shuo Zhuang , Hongyue Li

Obtaining high-quality labels for large datasets is expensive, requiring massive annotations from human experts. While AI models offer a cost-effective alternative by predicting labels, their label quality is compromised by the unavoidable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Huipeng Huang , Wenbo Liao , Huajun Xi , Hao Zeng , Mengchen Zhao , Hongxin Wei

Blackwell approachability, regret minimization and calibration are three criteria evaluating a strategy (or an algorithm) in different sequential decision problems, or repeated games between a player and Nature. Although they have at first…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-15 Vianney Perchet

In the recent literature on machine learning and decision making, calibration has emerged as a desirable and widely-studied statistical property of the outputs of binary prediction models. However, the algorithmic aspects of measuring model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Lunjia Hu , Arun Jambulapati , Kevin Tian , Chutong Yang

Calibration$\unicode{x2014}$the problem of ensuring that predicted probabilities align with observed class frequencies$\unicode{x2014}$is a basic desideratum for reliable prediction with machine learning systems. Calibration error is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-02 Eugène Berta , Sacha Braun , David Holzmüller , Francis Bach , Michael I. Jordan

Robot decision-making increasingly relies on data-driven human prediction models when operating around people. While these models are known to mispredict in out-of-distribution interactions, only a subset of prediction errors impact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Kensuke Nakamura , Ran Tian , Andrea Bajcsy

Calibration is a popular framework to evaluate whether a classifier knows when it does not know - i.e., its predictive probabilities are a good indication of how likely a prediction is to be correct. Correctness is commonly estimated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Joris Baan , Wilker Aziz , Barbara Plank , Raquel Fernández

Calibration error is commonly adopted for evaluating the quality of uncertainty estimators in deep neural networks. In this paper, we argue that such a metric is highly beneficial for training predictive models, even when we do not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-01 Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Bindya Venkatesh , Deepta Rajan

Conformal prediction is a popular, modern technique for providing valid predictive inference for arbitrary machine learning models. Its validity relies on the assumptions of exchangeability of the data, and symmetry of the given model…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-20 Rina Foygel Barber , Emmanuel J. Candes , Aaditya Ramdas , Ryan J. Tibshirani

Providing well-calibrated AI confidence can help promote users' appropriate trust in and reliance on AI, which are essential for AI-assisted decision-making. However, calibrating AI confidence -- providing confidence score that accurately…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jingshu Li , Yitian Yang , Renwen Zhang , Q. Vera Liao , Tianqi Song , Zhengtao Xu , Yi-chieh Lee

Miscalibration in deep learning refers to there is a discrepancy between the predicted confidence and performance. This problem usually arises due to the overfitting problem, which is characterized by learning everything presented in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zongbo Han , Yifeng Yang , Changqing Zhang , Linjun Zhang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Qinghua Hu

Calibration requires predictor outputs to be consistent with their Bayesian posteriors. For machine learning predictors that do not distinguish between small perturbations, calibration errors are continuous in predictions, e.g., smooth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Jason Hartline , Yifan Wu , Yunran Yang

Quality control is a crucial activity performed by manufacturing enterprises to ensure that their products meet quality standards and avoid potential damage to the brand's reputation. The decreased cost of sensors and connectivity enabled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Jože M. Rožanec , Luka Bizjak , Elena Trajkova , Patrik Zajec , Jelle Keizer , Blaž Fortuna , Dunja Mladenić

Reliable confidence estimation for the predictions is important in many safety-critical applications. However, modern deep neural networks are often overconfident for their incorrect predictions. Recently, many calibration methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Fei Zhu , Zhen Cheng , Xu-Yao Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu

Recent advances, such as RegretNet, ALGnet, RegretFormer and CITransNet, use deep learning to approximate optimal multi item auctions by relaxing incentive compatibility (IC) and measuring its violation via ex post regret. However, the true…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shuyuan You , Zhiqiang Zhuang , Kewen Wang , Zhe Wang

We study the problem of making predictions so that downstream agents who best respond to them will be guaranteed diminishing swap regret, no matter what their utility functions are. It has been known since Foster and Vohra (1997) that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Aaron Roth , Mirah Shi

In safety-critical applications a probabilistic model is usually required to be calibrated, i.e., to capture the uncertainty of its predictions accurately. In multi-class classification, calibration of the most confident predictions only is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-30 David Widmann , Fredrik Lindsten , Dave Zachariah