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Extremely large antenna array (ELAA) not only effectively enhances system communication performance but also improves the sensing capabilities of communication systems, making it one of the key enabling technologies in 6G wireless networks.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Boyu Teng , Xiaojun Yuan , Rui Wang , Ying-Chang Liang

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology to achieve high spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) in future wireless systems. The larger array aperture of XL-MIMO makes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Bokai Xu , Jiayi Zhang , Hongyang Du , Zhe Wang , Yuanwei Liu , Dusit Niyato , Bo Ai , Khaled B. Letaief

Extremely large-scale array (XL-array) communications can significantly improve the spectral efficiency and spatial resolution, and has great potential in next-generation mobile communication networks. A crucial problem in XL-array…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Renwang Li , Shu Sun , Meixia Tao

This paper investigates the uplink channel estimation of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) communication system in the beam-delay domain, taking into account the near-field and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Hongwei Hou , Xuan He , Tianhao Fang , Xinping Yi , Wenjin Wang , Shi Jin

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (M-MIMO) is a key technology for 5G networks. Within this research area, new types of deployment are arising, such as the extremely-large regime (XL- MIMO), where the antenna array at the base station…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Gabriel Avanzi Ubiali , Taufik Abrão

This paper investigates how near-field beamfocusing can be achieved using a modular linear array (MLA), composed of multiple widely spaced uniform linear arrays (ULAs). The MLA architecture extends the aperture length of a standard ULA…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Alva Kosasih , Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson

This paper proposes a joint channel and data estimation (JCDE) algorithm for uplink multiuser extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems. The initial channel estimation is formulated as a sparse reconstruction…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-20 Kabuto Arai , Koji Ishibashi , Hiroki Iimori , Paulo Valente Klaine , Szabolcs Malomsoky

In this paper, we propose to employ a modular-based movable extremely large-scale array (XL-array) at Alice for enhancing covert communication performance. Compared with existing work that mostly considered either far-field or near-field…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Chao Zhou , Changsheng You , Cong Zhou , Hai Lin , Yi Gong

Channel estimation is one of the key issues in practical massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Compared with conventional estimation algorithms, deep learning (DL) based ones have exhibited great potential in terms of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Jiabao Gao , Mu Hu , Caijun Zhong , Geoffrey Ye Li , Zhaoyang Zhang

Channel estimation is one of the key challenges for the deployment of extremely large-scale reconfigurable intelligent surface (XL-RIS) assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. In this paper, we study the channel estimation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-29 Jeongjae Lee , Hyeongjin Chung , Yunseong Cho , Sunwoo Kim , Songnam Hong

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) communications correspond to systems whose antenna size is so large that conventional assumptions, such as uniform plane wave (UPW) impingement, are no longer valid. This paper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Haiquan Lu , Yong Zeng

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technique to enable versatile applications for future wireless communications.To realize the huge potential performance gain, accurate channel state information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Hao Lei , Jiayi Zhang , Huahua Xiao , Xiaodan Zhang , Bo Ai , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

Extremely large-scale array (XL-array) is envisioned to achieve super-high spectral efficiency in future wireless networks. Different from the existing works that mostly focus on the near-field communications, we consider in this paper a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-31 Yunpu Zhang , Changsheng You , Li Chen , Beixiong Zheng

Near-field extremely large multiple input multiple output (XL-MIMO) breaks the assumptions that make classical super-resolution effective: the receiver acquires only a limited set of compressed pilot observations, while each propagation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Sajad Daei , Gabor Fodor , Mikael Skoglund

Extremely large antenna arrays and high-frequency operation are two key technologies that advance performance metrics such as higher data rates, lower latency, and wider coverage in sixth-generation communications. However, the adoption of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Van-Chung Luu , Toan-Van Nguyen , Nuria González-Prelcic , Duy H. N. Nguyen

In this paper, we study efficient \emph{mixed near-field and far-field} target localization methods in extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems Compared with existing works, we address two new challenges in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Cong Zhou , Changsheng You , Chao Zhou , Hongqiang Cheng , Shuo Shi

Future wireless systems are expected to employ extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) arrays at high carrier frequencies, where near-field propagation makes the channel depend jointly on angle and distance. The…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Maral Safari , Italo Atzeni

The combination of Terahertz (THz) and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is promising to meet the increasing data rate demand of future wireless communication systems thanks to the huge bandwidth and spatial degrees of freedom.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Jiabao Gao , Xiaoming Cheng , Geoffrey Ye Li

In this paper, we investigate the near-field modelling and analyze the beam focusing pattern for modular extremely large-scale array (XL-array) communications. As modular XL-array is physically and electrically large in general, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Xinrui Li , Zhenjun Dong , Yong Zeng , Shi Jin , Rui Zhang

This paper explores the maximization of the harvested power efficiency (HPE) in a modular extremely large multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) system, which supports energy harvesting (EH) for near-field users. These users are located…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-26 Muhammad Zeeshan Mumtaz , Mohammadali Mohammadi , Hien Quoc Ngo , Michail Matthaiou