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Sparse Mixture of Experts (sMoE) has become a pivotal approach for scaling large vision-language models, offering substantial capacity while maintaining computational efficiency through dynamic, sparse activation of experts. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yongxiang Hua , Haoyu Cao , Zhou Tao , Bocheng Li , Zihao Wu , Chaohu Liu , Linli Xu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become the dominant architecture for scaling large language models: frontier models routinely decouple total parameters from per-token computation through sparse expert routing. Scaling laws show that under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chaitanya Dwivedi , Binxuan Huang , Himanshu Gupta , Pratik Jayarao , Neeraj Varshney , Bing Yin

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture in large language models, highlighting its ability to significantly enhance model performance while maintaining minimal computational overhead. Through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Danyang Zhang , Junhao Song , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Yingfang Yuan , Tianyang Wang , Joe Yeong , Junfeng Hao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures enable conditional computation by activating only a subset of model parameters for each input. Although sparse routing has been highly effective in language models and has also shown promise in vision,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Vadim Vashkelis , Natalia Trukhina

The demonstrated success of sparsely-gated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, exemplified by models such as DeepSeek and Grok, has motivated researchers to investigate their adaptation to diverse domains. In real-world image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Xiao He , Zhijun Tu , Kun Cheng , Mingrui Zhu , Jie Hu , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao

Diffusion models have emerged as mainstream framework in visual generation. Building upon this success, the integration of Mixture of Experts (MoE) methods has shown promise in enhancing model scalability and performance. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yike Yuan , Ziyu Wang , Zihao Huang , Defa Zhu , Xun Zhou , Jingyi Yu , Qiyang Min

With the emergence of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), the efficient scaling of model size has accelerated the development of large language models in recent years. However, their high memory requirements prevent their use in resource-constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Gyeongman Kim , Gyouk Chu , Eunho Yang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used for adapting large language models (LLMs) to specific domains due to its efficiency and modularity. Meanwhile, vanilla LoRA struggles with task conflicts in multi-task scenarios. Recent works adopt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Ziyu Zhao , Yixiao Zhou , Zhi Zhang , Didi Zhu , Tao Shen , Zexi Li , Jinluan Yang , Xuwu Wang , Jing Su , Kun Kuang , Zhongyu Wei , Fei Wu , Yu Cheng

We introduce a Mixture of Raytraced Experts, a stacked Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture which can dynamically select sequences of experts, producing computational graphs of variable width and depth. Existing MoE architectures generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Andrea Perin , Giacomo Lagomarsini , Claudio Gallicchio , Giuseppe Nuti

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to learn a classification model with the number of classes increasing phase-by-phase. An inherent problem in CIL is the stability-plasticity dilemma between the learning of old and new classes, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Yaoyao Liu , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun

Optimizing various wireless user tasks poses a significant challenge for networking systems because of the expanding range of user requirements. Despite advancements in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), the need for customized optimization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hongyang Du , Guangyuan Liu , Yijing Lin , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Dong In Kim

Recent attempts to combine low-rank adaptation (LoRA) with mixture-of-experts (MoE) for multi-task adaptation of Large Language Models (LLMs) often replace whole attention/FFN layers with switch experts or append parallel expert branches,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Wenbing Li , Zikai Song , Hang Zhou , Yunyao Zhang , Junqing Yu , Wei Yang

Traditional learning systems are trained in closed-world for a fixed number of classes, and need pre-collected datasets in advance. However, new classes often emerge in real-world applications and should be learned incrementally. For…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Da-Wei Zhou , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

In mobile edge computing (MEC) networks, mobile users generate diverse machine learning tasks dynamically over time. These tasks are typically offloaded to the nearest available edge server, by considering communication and computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hongbo Li , Lingjie Duan

Continually expanding new languages for existing large language models (LLMs) is a promising yet challenging approach to building powerful multilingual LLMs. The biggest challenge is to make the model continuously learn new languages while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xue Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Songming Zhang , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Mixture of Experts (MoE) have shown remarkable success in leveraging specialized expert networks for complex machine learning tasks. However, their susceptibility to adversarial attacks presents a critical challenge for deployment in robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xu Zhang , Kaidi Xu , Ziqing Hu , Ren Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models introduce unique challenges for safety alignment due to their sparse routing mechanisms, which can enable degenerate optimization behaviors under standard full-parameter fine-tuning. In our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jiacheng Liang , Yuhui Wang , Tanqiu Jiang , Ting Wang

Visual Question Answering (VQA) requires models to identify the correct answer options based on both visual and textual evidence. Recent Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) methods improve option reasoning by grouping similar concepts or routing based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiyin Zeng , Yi Lu , Hao Wang

Non-stationary time series forecasting is challenged by evolving distribution shifts that static models struggle to capture. While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures offer a promising paradigm for decoupling complex drift patterns,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jiawen Zhu , Shuhan Liu , Di Weng , Yingcai Wu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have emerged as a promising direction for scaling vision architectures efficiently. Among them, Soft MoE improves training stability by assigning each token to all experts via continuous dispatch weights.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chengxi Min , Wei Wang , Yahui Liu , Weixin Ye , Enver Sangineto , Qi Wang , Yao Zhao