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One of the biggest challenges to modern deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms is sample efficiency. Many approaches learn a world model in order to train an agent entirely in imagination, eliminating the need for direct environment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Paul Mattes , Rainer Schlosser , Ralf Herbrich

A generative recurrent neural network is quickly trained in an unsupervised manner to model popular reinforcement learning environments through compressed spatio-temporal representations. The world model's extracted features are fed into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-07 David Ha , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Recent advancements in multimodal reward models (RMs) have substantially improved post-training for visual generative models. However, current RMs face inherent limitations: (1) visual inputs consume large context budgets, forcing fewer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Qunzhong Wang , Jie Liu , Jiajun Liang , Yilei Jiang , Yuanxing Zhang , Yaozhi Zheng , Xintao Wang , Pengfei Wan , Xiangyu Yue , Jiaheng Liu

Reasoning models excel in complex problem solving but exhibit a concerning trade off between reasoning capabilities and instruction following abilities. Existing approaches for improving instruction following rely on stronger external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qingyu Ren , Qianyu He , Bowei Zhang , Jie Zeng , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao , Weikang Zhou , Zeye Sun , Fei Yu

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have benefited from Reinforcement Learning (RL) for enhanced reasoning. However, existing methods still face critical limitations, including the lack of low-level visual information and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhiheng Wu , Tong Wang , Shuning Wang , Naiming Liu , Yumeng Zhang

Models for image representation learning are typically designed for either recognition or generation. Various forms of contrastive learning help models learn to convert images to embeddings that are useful for classification, detection, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Matthew Gwilliam , Xiao Wang , Xuefeng Hu , Zhenheng Yang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved overwhelming success, yet they suffer from vulnerable resolution scalability, i.e., the performance drops drastically when presented with input resolutions that are unseen during training. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Rui Tian , Zuxuan Wu , Qi Dai , Han Hu , Yu Qiao , Yu-Gang Jiang

One of the key issues for imitation learning lies in making policy learned from limited samples to generalize well in the whole state-action space. This problem is much more severe in high-dimensional state environments, such as game…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Xin-Qiang Cai , Yao-Xiang Ding , Yuan Jiang , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have reported high accuracy on reasoning benchmarks. However, it is still unclear whether the observed results arise from true reasoning or from statistical recall of the training set. Inspired by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Xinnuo Xu , Rachel Lawrence , Kshitij Dubey , Atharva Pandey , Risa Ueno , Fabian Falck , Aditya V. Nori , Rahul Sharma , Amit Sharma , Javier Gonzalez

Large vision-language models have achieved remarkable progress in visual reasoning, yet most existing systems rely on single-step or text-only reasoning, limiting their ability to iteratively refine understanding across multiple visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Wenfang Sun , Hao Chen , Yingjun Du , Yefeng Zheng , Cees G. M. Snoek

Tabular data remains prevalent in high-stakes domains such as healthcare and finance, where predictive models are expected to provide both high accuracy and faithful, human-understandable reasoning. While symbolic models offer verifiable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Chenlang Yi , Gang Li , Zizhan Xiong , Tue Minh Cao , Yanmin Gong , My T. Thai , Tianbao Yang

Most self-supervised video representation learning approaches focus on action recognition. In contrast, in this paper we focus on self-supervised video learning for movie understanding and propose a novel hierarchical self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Fanyi Xiao , Kaustav Kundu , Joseph Tighe , Davide Modolo

Timely and personalized treatment decisions are essential across a wide range of healthcare settings where patient responses can vary significantly and evolve over time. Clinical data used to support these treatment decisions are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qianyi Xu , Gousia Habib , Feng Wu , Dilruk Perera , Mengling Feng

Goal representation affects the performance of Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) algorithms by decomposing the complex learning problem into easier subtasks. Recent studies show that representations that preserve temporally abstract…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Mehdi Zadem , Sergio Mover , Sao Mai Nguyen

The present paper proposes a novel reinforcement learning method with world models, DreamingV2, a collaborative extension of DreamerV2 and Dreaming. DreamerV2 is a cutting-edge model-based reinforcement learning from pixels that uses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Masashi Okada , Tadahiro Taniguchi

Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a principled framework for improving Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. However, existing RL approaches often rely on human-annotated labels or task-specific heuristics to define…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yicheng He , Chengsong Huang , Zongxia Li , Jiaxin Huang , Yonghui Yang

We present MetaSpatial, the first reinforcement learning (RL)-based framework designed to enhance 3D spatial reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs), enabling real-time 3D scene generation without the need for hard-coded optimizations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhenyu Pan , Han Liu

Rendering bridges the gap between 2D vision and 3D scenes by simulating the physical process of image formation. By inverting such renderer, one can think of a learning approach to infer 3D information from 2D images. However, standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Shichen Liu , Tianye Li , Weikai Chen , Hao Li

Vision language models (VLMs) are increasingly capable of reasoning over images, but robust visual reasoning often requires re-grounding intermediate steps in the underlying visual evidence. Recent approaches typically rely on external…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zeru Shi , Kai Mei , Yihao Quan , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Ruixiang Tang

Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a principled way to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models, yet its effectiveness hinges on training signals that remain informative as models evolve. In practice, RL progress often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Caijun Xu , Changyi Xiao , Zhongyuan Peng , Xinrun Wang , Yixin Cao