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Binary code analysis is widely used to assess a program's correctness, performance, and provenance. Binary analysis applications often construct control flow graphs, analyze data flow, and use debugging information to understand how machine…

Sequence models for binary analysis are bottlenecked by byte-level tokenization: raw bytes waste precious context window capacity for transformers and other neural network architectures, and many existing text-oriented tokenizers fail on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Michael J. Bommarito

Binary linear block codes (BLBCs) are essential to modern communication, but their diverse structures often require tailor-made decoders, increasing complexity. This work introduces enhanced polar decoding ($\mathsf{PD}^+$), a universal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Chien-Ying Lin , Yu-Chih Huang , Shin-Lin Shieh , Po-Ning Chen

Binary function similarity detection plays an important role in a wide range of security applications. Existing works usually assume that the query function and target function share equal semantics and compare their full semantics to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Ang Jia , Ming Fan , Xi Xu , Wuxia Jin , Haijun Wang , Ting Liu

Microarchitectural side channels expose unprotected software to information leakage attacks where a software adversary is able to track runtime behavior of a benign process and steal secrets such as cryptographic keys. As suggested by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Jan Wichelmann , Ahmad Moghimi , Thomas Eisenbarth , Berk Sunar

Binary code similarity detection is to detect the similarity of code at binary (assembly) level without source code. Existing works have their limitations when dealing with mutated binary code generated by different compiling options. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Zian Liu

Recognizing vulnerabilities in stripped binary files presents a significant challenge in software security. Although some progress has been made in generating human-readable information from decompiled binary files with Large Language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Nasir Hussain , Haohan Chen , Chanh Tran , Philip Huang , Zhuohao Li , Pravir Chugh , William Chen , Ashish Kundu , Yuan Tian

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) are widely used for industrial automation including safety systems at CERN. The incorrect behaviour of the PLC control system logic can cause significant financial losses by damage of property or the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Ignacio D. Lopez-Miguel , Jean-Charles Tournier , Borja Fernandez Adiego

Accurate and robust disassembly of stripped binaries is challenging. The root of the difficulty is that high-level structures, such as instruction and function boundaries, are absent in stripped binaries and must be recovered based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Kexin Pei , Jonas Guan , David Williams-King , Junfeng Yang , Suman Jana

When attempting to understand the behavior of an executable, a binary analyst can make use of many different techniques. These include program slicing, dynamic instrumentation, binary-level rewriting, symbolic execution, and formal…

Binary code analysis plays an essential role in cybersecurity, facilitating reverse engineering to reveal the inner workings of programs in the absence of source code. Traditional approaches, such as static and dynamic analysis, extract…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jiyong Uhm , Minseok Kim , Michalis Polychronakis , Hyungjoon Koo

An efficient computational approach for optimal reconstructing parameters of binary-type physical properties for models in biomedical applications is developed and validated. The methodology includes gradient-based multiscale optimization…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-12-24 Priscilla M. Koolman , Vladislav Bukshtynov

Benchmarks for coding agents increasingly measure source-level software repair, and cybersecurity benchmarks increasingly measure broad capture-the-flag performance. Classical binary reverse engineering remains less precisely specified:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Isaac David , Arthur Gervais

Over the last decade, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) have been increasingly targeted by attackers to obtain control over industrial processes that support critical services. Such targeted attacks typically require detailed knowledge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-22 B. Green , W. Knowles , M. Krotofil , R. Derbyshire , D. Prince , N. Suri

In goal-oriented requirement engineering, boundary conditions(BC) are used to capture the divergence of goals, i.e., goals cannot be satisfied as a whole in some circumstances. As the goals are formally described by temporal logic, solving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Yechuan Xia , Jianwen Li , Shengping Xiao , Weikai Miao , Geguang Pu

Security patch detection (SPD) is crucial for maintaining software security, as unpatched vulnerabilities can lead to severe security risks. In recent years, numerous learning-based SPD approaches have demonstrated promising results on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Qingyuan Li , Binchang Li , Cuiyun Gao , Shuzheng Gao , Zongjie Li

Binary similarity analysis determines if two binary executables are from the same source program. Existing techniques leverage static and dynamic program features and may utilize advanced Deep Learning techniques. Although they have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Xiangzhe Xu , Zhou Xuan , Shiwei Feng , Siyuan Cheng , Yapeng Ye , Qingkai Shi , Guanhong Tao , Le Yu , Zhuo Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are widespread in critical domains, and significant damage can be caused if an attacker is able to modify the code of their programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Unfortunately, traditional techniques for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Yuqi Chen , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

Reverse engineering binaries is required to understand and analyse programs for which the source code is unavailable. Decompilers can transform the largely unreadable binaries into a more readable source code-like representation. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Ali Al-Kaswan , Toufique Ahmed , Maliheh Izadi , Anand Ashok Sawant , Premkumar Devanbu , Arie van Deursen

Binary code similarity comparison is a methodology for identifying similar or identical code fragments in binary programs. It is indispensable in fields of software engineering and security, which has many important applications (e.g.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Yikun Hu , Hui Wang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Bodong Li , Dawu Gu