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Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with long-horizon tasks due to the "context bottleneck" and the "lost-in-the-middle" phenomenon, where accumulated noise from verbose environments degrades reasoning over multi-turn interactions. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaozhe Li , Tianyi Lyu , Yizhao Yang , Liang Shan , Siyi Yang , Ligao Zhang , Zhuoyi Huang , Qingwen Liu , Yang Li

Large audio language models (LALMs) are increasingly used to reason over long audio clips, yet deployment often compresses audio before inference to reduce memory and latency. The risk is that compression can leave aggregate accuracy…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Amir Ivry

Large Language Models (LLMs) face information overload when handling long contexts, particularly in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) where extensive supporting documents often introduce redundant content. This issue not only weakens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Kaize Shi , Xueyao Sun , Xiaohui Tao , Lin Li , Qika Lin , Guandong Xu

Long video understanding is inherently challenging for vision-language models (VLMs) because of the extensive number of frames. With each video frame typically expanding into tens or hundreds of tokens, the limited context length of large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zheyu Zhang , Ziqi Pang , Shixing Chen , Xiang Hao , Vimal Bhat , Yu-Xiong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across edge and cloud platforms for real-time question-answering and retrieval-augmented generation. However, processing lengthy contexts in distributed systems incurs high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Camille Couturier , Spyros Mastorakis , Haiying Shen , Saravan Rajmohan , Victor Rühle

Large Language Models (LLMs) need to adapt to the continuous changes in data, tasks, and user preferences. Due to their massive size and the high costs associated with training, LLMs are not suitable for frequent retraining. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

This technical report presents QwenLong-CPRS, a context compression framework designed for explicit long-context optimization, addressing prohibitive computation overhead during the prefill stage and the "lost in the middle" performance…

This paper tackles the memory hurdle of processing long context sequences in Large Language Models (LLMs), by presenting a novel approach, Dropping In Convolutions for Long Context Compression (LoCoCo). LoCoCo employs only a fixed-size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Ruisi Cai , Yuandong Tian , Zhangyang Wang , Beidi Chen

Prompt engineering enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks. However, lengthy prompts significantly increase computational complexity and economic costs. To address this issue, we study six prompt compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Zheng Zhang , Jinyi Li , Yihuai Lan , Xiang Wang , Hao Wang

Large language models deliver strong generative performance but at the cost of massive parameter counts, memory use, and decoding latency. Prior work has shown that pruning and structured sparsity can preserve accuracy under substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Andrew Kiruluta

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for understanding large codebases, but whether they understand operational semantics of long code context or rely on pattern matching shortcuts remains unclear. We distinguish between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Adam Štorek , Mukur Gupta , Samira Hajizadeh , Prashast Srivastava , Suman Jana

Dialogue data has been a key source for understanding learning processes, offering critical insights into how students engage in collaborative discussions and how these interactions shape their knowledge construction. The advent of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ying Na , Shihui Feng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) benchmarks, yet they remain highly vulnerable to minor input perturbations. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate Token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jui-Ming Yao , Hao-Yuan Chen , Zi-Xian Tang , Bing-Jia Tan , Sheng-Wei Peng , Bing-Cheng Xie , Shun-Feng Su

Accurate confidence estimation is essential for trustworthy large language models (LLMs) systems, as it empowers the user to determine when to trust outputs and enables reliable deployment in safety-critical applications. Current confidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Mingruo Yuan , Shuyi Zhang , Ben Kao

Conversational modeling using Large Language Models (LLMs) requires a nuanced understanding of context to generate coherent and contextually relevant responses. In this paper, we present Token Trails, a novel approach that leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Md. Kowsher , Ritesh Panditi , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Prakash Bhat , Anupam Kumar Bairagi , Mohammad Shamsul Arefin

Forecasting is a critical task in decision-making across numerous domains. While historical numerical data provide a start, they fail to convey the complete context for reliable and accurate predictions. Human forecasters frequently rely on…

In-context learning (ICL) enhances the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by prepending a few demonstrations. It motivates researchers to introduce more examples to provide additional contextual information for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jun Gao , Qi Lv , Zili Wang , Tianxiang Wu , Ziqiang Cao , Wenjie Li

Efficient processing of long contexts has been a persistent pursuit in Natural Language Processing. With the growing number of long documents, dialogues, and other textual data, it is important to develop Long Context Language Models…

Vulnerability detection is a critical aspect of software security. Accurate detection is essential to prevent potential security breaches and protect software systems from malicious attacks. Recently, vulnerability detection methods…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yixin Yang , Bowen Xu , Xiang Gao , Hailong Sun

Human communication heavily relies on laconism and inferential pragmatics, allowing listeners to successfully reconstruct rich meaning from sparse, telegraphic speech. In contrast, large language models (LLMs) owe much of their stellar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Syed Rifat Raiyan , Md Farhan Ishmam , Abdullah Al Imran , Mohammad Ali Moni