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While LLM-Based agents, which use external tools to solve complex problems, have made significant progress, benchmarking their ability is challenging, thereby hindering a clear understanding of their limitations. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chuyu Zhang , Songyang Zhang , Yingfan Hu , Haowen Shen , Kuikun Liu , Zerun Ma , Fengzhe Zhou , Wenwei Zhang , Xuming He , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

As LLMs become embedded in research workflows and organizational decision processes, their effect on analytical reliability remains uncertain. We distinguish two dimensions of analytical reliability -- intelligence (the capacity to reach…

General Economics · Economics 2026-02-26 Ryan Allen , Aticus Peterson

Tool-using LLM agents must act on untrusted webpages, emails, files, and API outputs while issuing privileged tool calls. Existing defenses often mediate trust at the granularity of an entire tool invocation, forcing a brittle choice in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Linfeng Fan , Ziwei Li , Yuan Tian , Yichen Wang , Rongsheng Li , Xiong Wang

Tool-using LLM agents produce trajectories whose calls form a directed dependency graph: earlier tool outputs supply arguments to later calls. Whether this execution structure is represented inside the model is unknown; prior structural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Tianda Sun , Dimitar Kazakov

Credible safety plans for advanced AI development require methods to verify agent behavior and detect potential control deficiencies early. A fundamental aspect is ensuring agents adhere to safety-critical principles, especially when these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ram Potham

Predicting real-world events from live market signals demands systems that fuse qualitative news with quantitative order-book dynamics under strict temporal discipline -- a challenge existing benchmarks fail to capture. We present…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-17 Pu Cheng , Juncheng Liu , Yunshen Long

Interactive agent benchmarks map an agent run to a binary outcome through outcome checks. When these checks rely on surface level signals or fail to capture the agent's actual action path, they cannot reliably determine whether the run…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shanshan Gao , Liyi Zhou

AI agents are changing the requirements for document parsing. What matters is semantic correctness: parsed output must preserve the structure and meaning needed for autonomous decisions, including correct table structure, precise chart…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Boyang Zhang , Sebastián G. Acosta , Preston Carlson , Sacha Bron , Pierre-Loïc Doulcet , Daniel B. Ospina , Simon Suo

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have fueled growing interest in automating geospatial analysis and GIS workflows, yet their actual capabilities remain uncertain. In this work, we call for rigorous evaluation of LLMs on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Qianheng Zhang , Song Gao , Chen Wei , Yibo Zhao , Ying Nie , Ziru Chen , Shijie Chen , Yu Su , Huan Sun

This study evaluates large language models (LLMs) in generating code from algorithm descriptions in recent NLP papers. The task requires two key competencies: (1) algorithm comprehension: synthesizing information from papers and academic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yanzheng Xiang , Hanqi Yan , Shuyin Ouyang , Lin Gui , Yulan He

Recent advancements in Language Models (LMs) have catalyzed the creation of multiple benchmarks, designed to assess these models' general capabilities. A crucial task, however, is assessing the validity of the benchmarks themselves. This is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Yotam Perlitz , Ariel Gera , Ofir Arviv , Asaf Yehudai , Elron Bandel , Eyal Shnarch , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer , Leshem Choshen

As students increasingly adopt large language models (LLMs) as learning aids, it is crucial to build models that are adept at handling the nuances of tutoring: they need to identify the core needs of students, be adaptive, provide…

Procurement and inventory planning is governed not only by demand forecasts and bills of materials (BOMs), but also by operational terms in contracts and supplier documents (e.g., MOQs, lead times, price tiers, allocation caps, substitution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sahil Agarwal

In e-commerce, LLM agents show promise for shopping tasks such as recommendations, budget management, and bundle deals, where accurately capturing user preferences from long-horizon conversations is critical. However, progress is limited by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zijian Yu , Kejun Xiao , Huaipeng Zhao , Tao Luo , Xiaoyi Zeng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as quantitative research copilots to translate natural-language strategy specifications into executable trading code. Yet most existing evaluations either focus on static financial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuchen Cao , Hanlin Zhang , Jacky Wai Keung , Yang Chen , Linqi Song

AI research agents accelerate ML research by automating hypothesis generation, experimentation, and empirical refinement. Existing agent strategies range from greedy hill-climbing to tree search and evolutionary optimization, yet which…

While Large Language Model (LLM) agents have achieved remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks, evaluating their performance in real-world environments has become a critical problem. Current benchmarks, however, are largely restricted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lingxiang Hu , Yiding Sun , Tianle Xia , Wenwei Li , Ming Xu , Liqun Liu , Peng Shu , Huan Yu , Jie Jiang

This paper provides a systematic analysis of the opportunities, challenges, and potential solutions of harnessing Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 to dig out vulnerabilities within smart contracts based on our ongoing research.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Fatih İlhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Ling Liu

Standard benchmarks fixate on how well large language model (LLM) agents perform in finance, yet say little about whether they are safe to deploy. We argue that accuracy metrics and return-based scores provide an illusion of reliability,…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-03 Zichen Chen , Jiaao Chen , Jianda Chen , Misha Sra

LLM agents increasingly have access to private user data and act on the user's behalf when interacting with third-party systems. The user defines what may and must not be shared, and the agent must robustly follow that intent even when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiaoyuan Zheng , Yiqu Yang , Qi Gao , Imanol Schlag