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Large language models (LLMs) can perform reasoning computations both internally within their latent space and externally by generating explicit token sequences like chains of thought. Significant progress in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on question answering often relies on static benchmarks that reward memorization and understate the role of retrieval, failing to capture the dynamic nature of world knowledge. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Heng Zhou , Ao Yu , Yuchen Fan , Jianing Shi , Li Kang , Hejia Geng , Yongting Zhang , Yutao Fan , Yuhao Wu , Tiancheng He , Yiran Qin , Lei Bai , Zhenfei Yin

This paper presents a novel framework for enhancing reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs) by leveraging iterative reasoning and feedback-driven methodologies. Building on the limitations identified in the SimpleBench…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Soham Sane , Angus McLean

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities but struggle with reasoning errors due to hallucinations and flawed logic. To investigate their internal representations of reasoning, we introduce ArrangementPuzzle, a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Adam Atanas , Kai Liu

Open-ended question answering (QA) evaluates a model's ability to perform contextualized reasoning beyond factual recall. This challenge is especially acute in practice-based domains, where knowledge is procedural and grounded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Si Chen , Le Huy Khiem , Annalisa Szymanski , Ronald Metoyer , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla

The capability of large language models to handle long-context information is crucial across various real-world applications. Existing evaluation methods often rely either on real-world long texts, making it difficult to exclude the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Mo Li , Songyang Zhang , Taolin Zhang , Haodong Duan , Yunxin Liu , Kai Chen

Logical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and an essential capability for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Despite the significant advancement in multimodal reasoning, existing benchmarks fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jiakang Yuan , Tianshuo Peng , Yilei Jiang , Yiting Lu , Renrui Zhang , Kaituo Feng , Chaoyou Fu , Tao Chen , Lei Bai , Bo Zhang , Xiangyu Yue

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive progress in mathematical reasoning tasks. However, current evaluation benchmarks predominantly focus on the accuracy of final answers, often overlooking the crucial…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant utility in real-world applications, exhibiting impressive capabilities in natural language processing and understanding. Benchmark evaluations are crucial for assessing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenbo Zhang , Hengrui Cai , Wenyu Chen

Structure reasoning is a fundamental capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling them to reason about structured commonsense and answer multi-hop questions. However, existing benchmarks for structure reasoning mainly focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhuohang Jiang , Pangjing Wu , Ziran Liang , Peter Q. Chen , Xu Yuan , Ye Jia , Jiancheng Tu , Chen Li , Peter H. F. Ng , Qing Li

For Large Language Models (LLMs) to be reliably deployed in both everyday and high-stakes domains, knowing when not to answer is equally critical as answering correctly. Real-world user queries, which can be underspecified, ill-posed, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Polina Kirichenko , Mark Ibrahim , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Samuel J. Bell

Large-scale Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized human-AI interaction and achieved significant success in the generation of novel ideas. However, current assessments of idea generation overlook crucial factors such as knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yansheng Qiu , Haoquan Zhang , Zhaopan Xu , Ming Li , Diping Song , Zheng Wang , Kaipeng Zhang

Autonomous driving requires reliable perception and safe decision-making in complex scenarios. Recent vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate reasoning and generalization abilities, opening new possibilities for autonomous driving;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zecong Tang , Zixu Wang , Yifei Wang , Weitong Lian , Tianjian Gao , Haoran Li , Tengju Ru , Lingyi Meng , Zhejun Cui , Yichen Zhu , Qi Kang , Kaixuan Wang , Yu Zhang

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) mark a shift from non-thinking models to post-trained reasoning models capable of solving complex problems through thinking. However, whether such thinking mitigates hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zhidian Huang , Zijun Yao , Ji Qi , Shangqing Tu , Junxian Ma , Jinxin Liu , Weichuan Liu , Xiaoyin Che , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in education, yet their correctness alone does not capture the quality, reliability, or pedagogical validity of their problem-solving behavior, especially in mathematics, where…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sagnik Dakshit , Sushmita Sinha Roy

Can a Large Language Model (LLM) solve simple abstract reasoning problems? We explore this broad question through a systematic analysis of GPT on the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC), a representative benchmark of abstract reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Yudong Xu , Wenhao Li , Pashootan Vaezipoor , Scott Sanner , Elias B. Khalil

Process-level Reward Models (PRMs) are crucial for complex reasoning and decision-making tasks, where each intermediate step plays an important role in the reasoning process. Since language models are prone to various types of errors during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mingyang Song , Zhaochen Su , Xiaoye Qu , Jiawei Zhou , Yu Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong generalization across a wide range of tasks. Reasoning with LLMs is central to solving multi-step problems and complex decision-making. To support efficient reasoning, recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jindong Li , Yali Fu , Li Fan , Jiahong Liu , Yao Shu , Chengwei Qin , Menglin Yang , Irwin King , Rex Ying

This work compares large language models (LLMs) and neuro-symbolic approaches in solving Raven's progressive matrices (RPM), a visual abstract reasoning test that involves the understanding of mathematical rules such as progression or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Michael Hersche , Giacomo Camposampiero , Roger Wattenhofer , Abu Sebastian , Abbas Rahimi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on mathematical reasoning under well-defined conditions. However, real-world engineering problems involve uncertainty, context, and open-ended settings that extend beyond symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xiyuan Zhou , Xinlei Wang , Yirui He , Yang Wu , Ruixi Zou , Yuheng Cheng , Yulu Xie , Wenxuan Liu , Huan Zhao , Yan Xu , Jinjin Gu , Junhua Zhao