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Causal inference in social science relies on end-to-end, intervention-centered research-design reasoning grounded in real-world policy interventions, but current benchmarks fail to evaluate this capability of large language models (LLMs).…

Sentiment analysis in low-resource, culturally nuanced contexts challenges conventional NLP approaches that assume fixed labels and universal affective expressions. We present a diagnostic framework that treats sentiment as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Millicent Ochieng , Anja Thieme , Ignatius Ezeani , Risa Ueno , Samuel Maina , Keshet Ronen , Javier Gonzalez , Jacki O'Neill

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant capabilities in various fields, and in areas such as human-computer interaction (HCI), embodied intelligence, and the design and animation of virtual digital humans, both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yingjie Zhou , Zicheng Zhang , Jiezhang Cao , Jun Jia , Yanwei Jiang , Farong Wen , Xiaohong Liu , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

Text emotion detection constitutes a crucial foundation for advancing artificial intelligence from basic comprehension to the exploration of emotional reasoning. Most existing emotion detection datasets rely on manual annotations, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jingyi Zhou , Senlin Luo , Haofan Chen

It is unclear whether strong forecasting performance reflects genuine temporal understanding or the ability to reason under contextual and event-driven conditions. We introduce TemporalBench, a multi-domain benchmark designed to evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Muyan Weng , Defu Cao , Wei Yang , Yashaswi Sharma , Yan Liu

Effective and safe human-machine collaboration requires the regulated and meaningful exchange of emotions between humans and artificial intelligence (AI). Current AI systems based on large language models (LLMs) can provide feedback that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Xiuwen Wu , Hao Wang , Zhiang Yan , Xiaohan Tang , Pengfei Xu , Wai-Ting Siok , Ping Li , Jia-Hong Gao , Bingjiang Lyu , Lang Qin

Transformer models have significantly advanced the field of emotion recognition. However, there are still open challenges when exploring open-ended queries for Large Language Models (LLMs). Although current models offer good results,…

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved unprecedented success in several objective multimodal reasoning tasks. However, to further enhance their capabilities of empathetic and effective communication with humans, improving how…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Sree Bhattacharyya , James Z. Wang

This paper explores the integration of human-like emotions and ethical considerations into Large Language Models (LLMs). We first model eight fundamental human emotions, presented as opposing pairs, and employ collaborative LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Edward Y. Chang

Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) is a crucial task for understanding human emotions and enabling natural human-computer interaction. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown great potential in this field, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xinran Li , Yu Liu , Jiaqi Qiao , Xiujuan Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. Advanced utilization of the knowledge embedded in LLMs for automated annotation has consistently been explored. This study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yusong Zhang , Dong Dong , Chi-tim Hung , Leonard Heyerdahl , Tamara Giles-Vernick , Eng-kiong Yeoh

The field of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has made remarkable progress in visual understanding tasks, presenting a vast opportunity to predict the perceptual and emotional impact of charts. However, it also raises concerns, as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Seon Gyeom Kim , Jae Young Choi , Ryan Rossi , Eunyee Koh , Tak Yeon Lee

Emotion recognition in speech is a challenging multimodal task that requires understanding both verbal content and vocal nuances. This paper introduces a novel approach to emotion detection using Large Language Models (LLMs), which have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zehui Wu , Ziwei Gong , Lin Ai , Pengyuan Shi , Kaan Donbekci , Julia Hirschberg

Large Language Models (LLM) like ChatGPT have significantly advanced in recent years and are now being used by the general public. As more people interact with these systems, improving our understanding of these black box models is crucial,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Nutchanon Yongsatianchot , Parisa Ghanad Torshizi , Stacy Marsella

Human emotions are often not expressed directly, but regulated according to internal processes and social display rules. For affective computing systems, an understanding of how users regulate their emotions can be highly useful, for…

Large language models appear to develop internal representations of emotion -- "emotion circuits," "emotion neurons," and structured emotional manifolds have been reported across multiple model families. But every study making these claims…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Michael Keeman

Despite their success, Large-Language Models (LLMs) still face criticism due to their lack of interpretability. Traditional post-hoc interpretation methods, based on attention and gradient-based analysis, offer limited insights as they only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Francesco De Santis , Philippe Bich , Gabriele Ciravegna , Pietro Barbiero , Danilo Giordano , Tania Cerquitelli

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly expected to navigate the nuances of human emotion. While research confirms that LLMs can simulate emotional intelligence, their internal emotional mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jingxiang Zhang , Lujia Zhong

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into emotionally sensitive domains, the structural integrity of their emotional intelligence (EI) becomes a critical frontier for safety and alignment. Current benchmarks often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Minghao Lv , Lu Chen , Enchang Zhang , Anji Zhou , Xiaoran Xue , Hanyi Zhang , Fenghua Tang , Zhuo Rachel Han , Mengyue Wu

Emotional support is a core capability in human-AI interaction, with applications including psychological counseling, role play, and companionship. However, existing evaluations of large language models (LLMs) often rely on short, static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Zhouxing Tan , Ruochong Xiong , Yulong Wan , Jinlong Ma , Hanlin Xue , Qichun Deng , Haifeng Jing , Zhengtong Zhang , Depei Liu , Shiyuan Luo , Junfei Liu