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Open-weight general-purpose AI (GPAI) models offer significant benefits but also introduce substantial cybersecurity risks, as demonstrated by the offensive capabilities of models like DeepSeek-R1 in evaluations such as MITRE's OCCULT.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Alfonso de Gregorio

The increased adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to solve many socio-economic and environmental challenges; however, this cannot happen without securing AI-enabled technologies. In recent years, most AI models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Ayodeji Oseni , Nour Moustafa , Helge Janicke , Peng Liu , Zahir Tari , Athanasios Vasilakos

As generative AI (GenAI) systems become increasingly prevalent across various technological stacks, the question of how such systems handle sensitive and personal data flows becomes increasingly important. Specifically, both the ability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Qianying Liao , Jonah Bellemans , Laurens Sion , Xue Jiang , Dmitrii Usynin , Xuebing Zhou , Dimitri Van Landuyt , Lieven Desmet , Wouter Joosen

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise for supporting clinical trials, from patient recruitment and endpoint assessment to treatment response prediction. However, deploying AI without safeguards poses significant risks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yao Chen , David Ohlssen , Aimee Readie , Gregory Ligozio , Ruvie Martin , Thibaud Coroller

AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are being deployed at scale, yet we lack a systematic understanding of how the choice of backbone LLM affects agent security. The non-deterministic sequential nature of AI agents complicates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Julia Bazinska , Max Mathys , Francesco Casucci , Mateo Rojas-Carulla , Xander Davies , Alexandra Souly , Niklas Pfister

The rapid deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical digital infrastructure introduces significant risks, necessitating a robust framework for systematically collecting AI incident data to prevent future incidents. Existing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Avinash Agarwal , Manisha J. Nene

Insider threats pose a significant challenge to organizational security, often evading traditional rule-based detection systems due to their subtlety and contextual nature. This paper presents an AI-powered Insider Risk Management (IRM)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Lokesh Koli , Shubham Kalra , Rohan Thakur , Anas Saifi , Karanpreet Singh

When combining Large Language Models (LLMs) with autonomous agents, used in network monitoring and decision-making systems, this will create serious security issues. In this research, the MAESTRO framework consisting of the seven layers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Pallavi Zambare , Venkata Nikhil Thanikella , Ying Liu

The widespread adoption of AI-assisted development tools in 2025 -- and the emergence of vibe coding, a practice of generating complete applications from natural language without verification -- exposed a critical and tool-agnostic failure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jasmine Moreira

This study examines how Artificial Intelligence can aid in identifying and mitigating cyber threats in the U.S. across four key areas: intrusion detection, malware classification, phishing detection, and insider threat analysis. Each of…

The increasing prevalence of adversarial attacks on Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems has created a need for innovative security measures. However, the current methods of defending against these attacks often come with a high computing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Duo Zhong , Bojing Li , Xiang Chen , Chenchen Liu

Recent research advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have yielded promising results for automated software vulnerability management. AI-based models are reported to greatly outperform traditional static analysis tools, indicating a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Shengye Wan , Joshua Saxe , Craig Gomes , Sahana Chennabasappa , Avilash Rath , Kun Sun , Xinda Wang

Modern general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) systems present an urgent risk management challenge, as their rapidly evolving capabilities and potential for catastrophic harm outpace our ability to reliably assess their risks. Current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Anna Katariina Wisakanto , Joe Rogero , Avyay M. Casheekar , Richard Mallah

In todays rapidly evolving digital landscape, safeguarding network infrastructures against cyberattacks has become a critical priority. This research presents an innovative AI-driven real-time intrusion detection framework designed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Maryam Mahdi Alhusseini , Mohammad Reza Feizi Derakhshi

All of the frontier AI companies have published safety frameworks where they define capability thresholds and risk mitigations that determine how they will safely develop and deploy their models. Adoption of systematic approaches to risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Simon Mylius

As the practicality of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) based techniques grow, there is an ever increasing threat of adversarial attacks. There is a need to red team this ecosystem to identify system vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Chuyen Nguyen , Caleb Morgan , Sudip Mittal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agentic systems that plan, memorize, and act in open-world environments. This shift brings new security problems: failures are no longer only unsafe text generation, but can become…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhihang Deng , Jiaping Gui , Weinan Zhang

Problem statement: Standardisation of AI fairness rules and benchmarks is challenging because AI fairness and other ethical requirements depend on multiple factors such as context, use case, type of the AI system, and so on. In this paper,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Avinash Agarwal , Harsh Agarwal

The increasing sophistication and integration of Generative AI (GenAI) models into diverse applications introduce new security challenges that traditional methods struggle to address. This research explores the critical need for proactive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Sunil Kumar Jang Bahadur , Gopala Dhar , Lavi Nigam

As AI systems integrate into critical infrastructure, security gaps in AI compliance frameworks demand urgent attention. This paper audits and quantifies security risks in three major AI governance standards: NIST AI RMF 1.0, UK's AI and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Keerthana Madhavan , Abbas Yazdinejad , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Ali Dehghantanha