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Multimodal emotion and intent recognition is essential for automated human-computer interaction, It aims to analyze users' speech, text, and visual information to predict their emotions or intent. One of the significant challenges is that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Wei Zhang , Juan Chen , Yanbo J. Wang , En Zhu , Xuan Yang , Yiduo Wang

Decades of research indicate that emotion recognition is more effective when drawing information from multiple modalities. But what if some modalities are sometimes missing? To address this problem, we propose a novel Transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Juan Vazquez-Rodriguez , Grégoire Lefebvre , Julien Cumin , James L. Crowley

We aim to develop a fundamental understanding of modality collapse, a recently observed empirical phenomenon wherein models trained for multimodal fusion tend to rely only on a subset of the modalities, ignoring the rest. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Abhra Chaudhuri , Anjan Dutta , Tu Bui , Serban Georgescu

Multimodal learning typically relies on the assumption that all modalities are fully available during both the training and inference phases. However, in real-world scenarios, consistently acquiring complete multimodal data presents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Donggeun Kim , Taesup Kim

In this paper, we consider the problem of multimodal data analysis with a use case of audiovisual emotion recognition. We propose an architecture capable of learning from raw data and describe three variants of it with distinct modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Kateryna Chumachenko , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) identifies individuals' sentiment states in videos by integrating visual, audio, and text modalities. Despite progress in existing methods, the inherent modality heterogeneity limits the effective capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Shanmin Wang , Chengguang Liu , Qingshan Liu

Human beings have rich ways of emotional expressions, including facial action, voice, and natural languages. Due to the diversity and complexity of different individuals, the emotions expressed by various modalities may be semantically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Chuan Zhang , Daoxin Zhang , Ruixiu Zhang , Jiawei Li , Jianke Zhu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) promise enhanced reasoning by integrating diverse inputs such as text, vision, and audio. Yet cross-modal reasoning remains underexplored, with conflicting reports on whether added modalities help or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yucheng Wang , Yifan Hou , Aydin Javadov , Mubashara Akhtar , Mrinmaya Sachan

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) seeks to infer human emotions by integrating textual, acoustic, and visual cues. However, existing approaches often rely on all modalities are completeness, whereas real-world applications frequently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jindi Bao , Jianjun Qian , Mengkai Yan , Jian Yang

We compile baselines, along with dataset split, for multimodal sentiment analysis. In this paper, we explore three different deep-learning based architectures for multimodal sentiment classification, each improving upon the previous.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Soujanya Poria , Navonil Majumder , Devamanyu Hazarika , Erik Cambria , Alexander Gelbukh , Amir Hussain

Multimodal deep learning, especially vision-language models, have gained significant traction in recent years, greatly improving performance on many downstream tasks, including content moderation and violence detection. However, standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Zhuokai Zhao , Harish Palani , Tianyi Liu , Lena Evans , Ruth Toner

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) integrates heterogeneous text, audio, and visual signals to infer human emotions. While recent approaches leverage cross-modal complementarity, they often struggle to fully utilize weaker modalities. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kang He , Yuzhe Ding , Xinrong Wang , Fei Li , Chong Teng , Donghong Ji

Multimodal learning integrates information from different modalities to enhance model performance, yet it often suffers from modality imbalance, where dominant modalities overshadow weaker ones during joint optimization. This paper reveals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xiaoyu Ma , Hao Chen

Multimodal networks have demonstrated remarkable performance improvements over their unimodal counterparts. Existing multimodal networks are designed in a multi-branch fashion that, due to the reliance on fusion strategies, exhibit…

Multimodal sentiment analysis, a pivotal task in affective computing, seeks to understand human emotions by integrating cues from language, audio, and visual signals. While many recent approaches leverage complex attention mechanisms and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Nischal Mandal , Yang Li

Multimodal sentiment analysis in videos is a key task in many real-world applications, which usually requires integrating multimodal streams including visual, verbal and acoustic behaviors. To improve the robustness of multimodal fusion,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Lianyang Ma , Yu Yao , Tao Liang , Tongliang Liu

Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) requires integrating language, acoustic, and visual signals without sacrificing modality-specific sentiment evidence. Existing methods mainly improve either shared-private decomposition or cross-modal…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Chunlei Meng , Jiabin Luo , Pengbin Feng , Zhenglin Yan , Chengyin Hu , Zhongxue Gan , Chun Ouyang

Multimodal learning systems often face substantial uncertainty due to noisy data, low-quality labels, and heterogeneous modality characteristics. These issues become especially critical in human-computer interaction settings, where data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Hyo-Jeong Jang

Emotion recognition in real-world environments is hindered by partial occlusions, missing modalities, and severe class imbalance. To address these issues, particularly for the Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild (ABAW) Expression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jun Yu , Naixiang Zheng , Guoyuan Wang , Yunxiang Zhang , Lingsi Zhu , Jiaen Liang , Wei Huang , Shengping Liu

Multimodal fusion is considered a key step in multimodal tasks such as sentiment analysis, emotion detection, question answering, and others. Most of the recent work on multimodal fusion does not guarantee the fidelity of the multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Navonil Majumder , Soujanya Poria , Gangeshwar Krishnamurthy , Niyati Chhaya , Rada Mihalcea , Alexander Gelbukh