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Self-interested individuals often fail to cooperate, posing a fundamental challenge for multi-agent learning. How can we achieve cooperation among self-interested, independent learning agents? Promising recent work has shown that in certain…

In model-based reinforcement learning, generative and temporal models of environments can be leveraged to boost agent performance, either by tuning the agent's representations during training or via use as part of an explicit planning…

LLM-powered agents face a persistent challenge: learning from their execution experiences to improve future performance. While agents can successfully complete many tasks, they often repeat inefficient patterns, fail to recover from similar…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Gaodan Fang , Vatche Isahagian , K. R. Jayaram , Ritesh Kumar , Vinod Muthusamy , Punleuk Oum , Gegi Thomas

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a landmark achievement in Artificial Intelligence (AI), demonstrating unprecedented proficiency in procedural tasks such as text generation, code completion, and conversational coherence. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Schaun Wheeler , Olivier Jeunen

Real-world applications of reinforcement learning for recommendation and experimentation faces a practical challenge: the relative reward of different bandit arms can evolve over the lifetime of the learning agent. To deal with these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Srivas Chennu , Andrew Maher , Jamie Martin , Subash Prabanantham

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents have recently garnered increasing interest yet they are limited in their ability to learn from trial and error, a key element of intelligent behavior. In this work, we argue that the capacity to learn new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Haiteng Zhao , Chang Ma , Guoyin Wang , Jing Su , Lingpeng Kong , Jingjing Xu , Zhi-Hong Deng , Hongxia Yang

In this paper, we consider a transfer reinforcement learning problem involving agents with different action spaces. Specifically, for any new unseen task, the goal is to use a successful demonstration of this task by an expert agent in its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Kavinayan P. Sivakumar , Yan Zhang , Zachary Bell , Scott Nivison , Michael M. Zavlanos

A key objective of embodied intelligence is enabling agents to perform long-horizon tasks in dynamic environments while maintaining robust decision-making and adaptability. To achieve this goal, we propose the Spatio-Temporal Memory Agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mingcong Lei , Yiming Zhao , Ge Wang , Zhixin Mai , Shuguang Cui , Yatong Han , Jinke Ren

Building a general-purpose agent is a long-standing vision in the field of artificial intelligence. Existing agents have made remarkable progress in many domains, yet they still struggle to complete long-horizon tasks in an open world. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Zaijing Li , Yuquan Xie , Rui Shao , Gongwei Chen , Dongmei Jiang , Liqiang Nie

Agents utilizing tools powered by large language models (LLMs) or vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in diverse tasks across text and visual modalities. Unlike traditional tools such as calculators, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yunzhong Xiao , Yangmin Li , Hewei Wang , Yunlong Tang , Zora Zhiruo Wang

[Context] Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved notable success in environments where agents must learn coordinated behaviors. However, transferring knowledge across agents remains challenging in non-stationary environments…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Kathrin Korte , Christian Medeiros Adriano , Sona Ghahremani , Holger Giese

Memory is an important aspect of intelligence and plays a role in many deep reinforcement learning models. However, little progress has been made in understanding when specific memory systems help more than others and how well they…

Recent advances in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) have demonstrated significant potential in single-turn reasoning tasks. With the paradigm shift toward self-evolving agentic learning, models are increasingly expected…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xinshun Feng , Xinhao Song , Lijun Li , Gongshen Liu , Jing Shao

Active inference helps us simulate adaptive behavior and decision-making in biological and artificial agents. Building on our previous work exploring the relationship between active inference, well-being, resilience, and sustainability, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Mahault Albarracin , Ines Hipolito , Maria Raffa , Paul Kinghorn

Integrating visual and linguistic information into a single multimodal representation is an unsolved problem with wide-reaching applications to both natural language processing and computer vision. In this paper, we present a simple method…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-28 Guillem Collell , Teddy Zhang , Marie-Francine Moens

Federated learning is an emerging research paradigm enabling collaborative training of machine learning models among different organizations while keeping data private at each institution. Despite recent progress, there remain fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Liangqiong Qu , Yuyin Zhou , Paul Pu Liang , Yingda Xia , Feifei Wang , Ehsan Adeli , Li Fei-Fei , Daniel Rubin

From social networks to traffic routing, artificial learning agents are playing a central role in modern institutions. We must therefore understand how to leverage these systems to foster outcomes and behaviors that align with our own…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Jan Balaguer , Raphael Koster , Christopher Summerfield , Andrea Tacchetti

Machine learning has long since become a keystone technology, accelerating science and applications in a broad range of domains. Consequently, the notion of applying learning methods to a particular problem set has become an established and…

Memory plays a pivotal role in enabling large language model~(LLM)-based agents to engage in complex and long-term interactions, such as question answering (QA) and dialogue systems. While various memory modules have been proposed for these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Ruihong Zeng , Jinyuan Fang , Siwei Liu , Zaiqiao Meng

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on accumulated memory to solve long-horizon decision-making tasks. However, most existing approaches store memory in fixed representations and reuse it at a single or implicit level of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sirui Liang , Pengfei Cao , Jian Zhao , Wenhao Teng , Xiangwen Liao , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu