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A common technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) relies on acquiring human preferences by comparing multiple generations conditioned on a fixed context. This method, however, relies solely on pairwise comparisons, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Hritik Bansal , Ashima Suvarna , Gantavya Bhatt , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang , Aditya Grover

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making scenarios that involve risk assessment, yet their alignment with human economic rationality remains unclear. In this study, we investigate whether LLMs exhibit risk…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-16 Jiaxin Liu , Yixuan Tang , Yi Yang , Kar Yan Tam

To improve Multi-step Mathematical Reasoning (MsMR) of Large Language Models (LLMs), it is crucial to obtain scalable supervision from the corpus by automatically critiquing mistakes in the reasoning process of MsMR and rendering a final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Changyuan Tian , Zhicong Lu , Shuang Qian , Nayu Liu , Peiguang Li , Li Jin , Leiyi Hu , Zhizhao Zeng , Sirui Wang , Ke Zeng , Zhi Guo

As large language models (LLMs) advance their capabilities, aligning these models with human preferences has become crucial. Preference optimization, which trains models to distinguish between preferred and non-preferred responses based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shawn Im , Sharon Li

Ranking and comparing items is crucial for collecting information about preferences in many areas, from marketing to politics. The Mallows rank model is among the most successful approaches to analyse rank data, but its computational…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-04-28 Valeria Vitelli , Øystein Sørensen , Marta Crispino , Arnoldo Frigessi , Elja Arjas

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit tendencies that diverge from human preferences, such as favoring certain writing styles or producing overly verbose outputs. While crucial for improvement, identifying the factors driving these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Juhyun Oh , Eunsu Kim , Jiseon Kim , Wenda Xu , Inha Cha , William Yang Wang , Alice Oh

We define and study the problem of predicting the solution to a linear program (LP) given only partial information about its objective and constraints. This generalizes the problem of learning to predict the purchasing behavior of a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-27 Shahin Jabbari , Ryan Rogers , Aaron Roth , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Choice modeling has been a central topic in the study of individual preference or utility across many fields including economics, marketing, operations research, and psychology. While the vast majority of the literature on choice models has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-22 Zhongze Cai , Hanzhao Wang , Kalyan Talluri , Xiaocheng Li

Preference modelling lies at the intersection of economics, decision theory, machine learning and statistics. By understanding individuals' preferences and how they make choices, we can build products that closely match their expectations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Alessio Benavoli , Dario Azzimonti

The evolution of mathematics is shaped importantly by interestingness: researchers choose which problems to pursue, and students choose which problems to engage with, based on expectations of interest and challenge. As AI systems,…

Recently, preference optimization methods such as DPO have significantly enhanced large language models (LLMs) in wide tasks including dialogue and question-answering. However, current methods fail to account for the varying difficulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Zheng Li , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Reward models (RMs) are central to the alignment of language models (LMs). An RM often serves as a proxy for human preferences to guide downstream LM behavior. However, our understanding of RM behavior is limited. Our work (i) formalizes a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Elle

Large language models (LLMs) are being widely applied across various fields, but as tasks become more complex, evaluating their responses is increasingly challenging. Compared to human evaluators, the use of LLMs to support performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yuran Li , Jama Hussein Mohamud , Chongren Sun , Di Wu , Benoit Boulet

State-of-the-art deep learning methods achieve human-like performance on many tasks, but make errors nevertheless. Characterizing these errors in easily interpretable terms gives insight into whether a classifier is prone to making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Michael Hedderich , Jonas Fischer , Dietrich Klakow , Jilles Vreeken

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in software engineering tasks such as requirements elicitation, design, and evaluation, raising critical questions regarding their alignment with human judgments on responsible AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Asma Yamani , Malak Baslyman , Moataz Ahmed

We examine diverging preferences in human-labeled preference datasets. We develop a taxonomy of disagreement sources spanning ten categories across four high-level classes and find that the majority of disagreements are due to factors such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Michael JQ Zhang , Zhilin Wang , Jena D. Hwang , Yi Dong , Olivier Delalleau , Yejin Choi , Eunsol Choi , Xiang Ren , Valentina Pyatkin

Learning from preference feedback has emerged as an essential step for improving the generation quality and performance of modern language models (LMs). Despite its widespread use, the way preference-based learning is applied varies wildly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Hamish Ivison , Yizhong Wang , Jiacheng Liu , Zeqiu Wu , Valentina Pyatkin , Nathan Lambert , Noah A. Smith , Yejin Choi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, yet aligning their generations with human preferences remains a critical challenge. Existing approaches to preference modeling often rely on an explicit or implicit reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Zhuocheng Gong , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has inspired researchers to integrate them extensively into the academic workflow, potentially reshaping how research is practiced and reviewed. While previous studies highlight the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rui Li , Jia-Chen Gu , Po-Nien Kung , Heming Xia , Junfeng liu , Xiangwen Kong , Zhifang Sui , Nanyun Peng