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Skill ecosystems for LLM agents have matured rapidly, yet recent benchmarks show that providing agents with more skills does not monotonically improve performance -- focused sets of 2-3 skills outperform comprehensive documentation, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tianle Xia , Lingxiang Hu , Yiding Sun , Ming Xu , Lan Xu , Siying Wang , Wei Xu , Jie Jiang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have made significant progress in solving complex multi-hop question answering (QA) tasks in the English scenario. However, RAG systems inevitably face the application scenario of retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yilin Wang , Yuchun Fan , Jiaoyang Li , Ziming Zhu , Yongyu Mu , Qiaozhi He , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems empower large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, yet struggle with efficiency-accuracy trade-offs when scaling to large knowledge graphs. Existing approaches often rely on monolithic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Ruiyi Yang , Hao Xue , Imran Razzak , Shirui Pan , Hakim Hacid , Flora D. Salim

Knowledge graphs provide structured and reliable information for many real-world applications, motivating increasing interest in combining large language models (LLMs) with graph-based retrieval to improve factual grounding. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yuchen Ying , Weiqi Jiang , Tongya Zheng , Yu Wang , Shunyu Liu , Kaixuan Chen , Mingli Song

Integrating textual graphs into Large Language Models (LLMs) is promising for complex graph-based QA. However, a key bottleneck is retrieving informative yet compact subgraphs that fit the LLM context. Existing retrievers often struggle,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ge Chang , Jinbo Su , Jiacheng Liu , Pengfei Yang , Yuhao Shang , Huiwen Zheng , Hongli Ma , Yan Liang , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu

Multi-hop reasoning is an effective approach for query answering (QA) over incomplete knowledge graphs (KGs). The problem can be formulated in a reinforcement learning (RL) setup, where a policy-based agent sequentially extends its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Xi Victoria Lin , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

Agentic search has recently emerged as a powerful paradigm, where an agent interleaves multi-step reasoning with on-demand retrieval to solve complex questions. Despite its success, how to design a retriever for agentic search remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Wenhan Liu , Xinyu Ma , Yutao Zhu , Yuchen Li , Daiting Shi , Dawei Yin , Zhicheng Dou

Recent progress in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has led to more accurate and interpretable multi-hop question answering (QA). Yet, challenges persist in integrating iterative reasoning steps with external knowledge retrieval. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tengjun Ni , Xin Yuan , Shenghong Li , Kai Wu , Ren Ping Liu , Wei Ni , Wenjie Zhang

With the rapid advancement of agent-based methods in recent years, Agentic RAG has undoubtedly become an important research direction. Multi-hop reasoning, which requires models to engage in deliberate thinking and multi-step interaction,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Qijie You , Wenkai Yu , Wentao Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a powerful paradigm for improving large language models (LLMs) on knowledge-intensive question answering. Graph-based RAG (GraphRAG) leverages entity-relation graphs to support multi-hop reasoning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Kai Guo , Xinnan Dai , Shenglai Zeng , Harry Shomer , Haoyu Han , Yu Wang , Jiliang Tang

Answer set programming (ASP) is a popular nonmonotonic-logic based paradigm for knowledge representation and solving combinatorial problems. Computing the answer set of an ASP program is NP-hard in general, and researchers have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Fang Li , Huaduo Wang , Gopal Gupta

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (GraphRAG) systems construct knowledge graphs over document collections to support multi-hop reasoning. While prior work shows that GraphRAG responses may leak retrieved subgraphs, the feasibility…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shuhua Yang , Jiahao Zhang , Yilong Wang , Dongwon Lee , Suhang Wang

Question answering (QA) over tables and text has gained much popularity over the years. Multi-hop table-text QA requires multiple hops between the table and text, making it a challenging QA task. Although several works have attempted to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Jayetri Bardhan , Bushi Xiao , Daisy Zhe Wang

Graph Retrieval Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) effectively enhances external knowledge integration capabilities by explicitly modeling knowledge relationships, thereby improving the factual accuracy and generation quality of Large Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Junqi Gao , Xiang Zou , YIng Ai , Dong Li , Yichen Niu , Biqing Qi , Jianxing Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive capabilities in language understanding and generation, yet they continue to underperform on knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks due to limited access to structured context and multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Travis Thompson , Seung-Hwan Lim , Paul Liu , Ruoying He , Dongkuan Xu

Large language models are increasingly deployed as automated judges to evaluate the strength of arguments. As this role expands, their legitimacy depends on consistency, transparency, and the ability to separate argumentative structure from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Diganta Misra , Antonio Orvieto , Rediet Abebe , Volkan Cevher

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) remains brittle on multi-step questions and heterogeneous evidence sources, trading accuracy against latency and token/tool budgets. This paper introduces RELOOP, a structure aware framework using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ruiyi Yang , Hao Xue , Imran Razzak , Hakim Hacid , Flora D. Salim

Knowledge retrieval and reasoning are two key stages in multi-hop question answering (QA) at web scale. Existing approaches suffer from low confidence when retrieving evidence facts to fill the knowledge gap and lack transparent reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Weiwen Xu , Huihui Zhang , Deng Cai , Wai Lam

Retrieval-augmented generation with tool-calling agents (agentic RAG) has become increasingly powerful in understanding, processing, and responding to user queries. However, the scope of the grounding knowledge is limited and asking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Fabian Spaeh , Tianyi Chen , Chen-Hao Chiang , Bin Shen

There are a growing number of AI applications, but none tailored specifically to help residents answer their questions about municipal budget, a topic most are interested in but few have a solid comprehension of. In this research paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jerry Xu , Justin Wang , Joley Leung , Jasmine Gu