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Loss functions play a key role in training superior deep neural networks. In convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the popular cross entropy loss together with softmax does not explicitly guarantee minimization of intra-class variance or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-26 XiaoBin Li , WeiQiang Wang

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained with logistic and softmax losses have made significant advancement in visual recognition tasks in computer vision. When training data exhibit class imbalances, the class-wise reweighted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Xiangrui Li , Xin Li , Deng Pan , Dongxiao Zhu

Hyperuniform particle arrangements are characterized by a local number variance that grows more slowly than the volume of the observation window. We generalize this concept to describe particle systems in which particles carry weights:…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-04 Salvatore Torquato , Jaeuk Kim , Michael A. Klatt , Roberto Car , Paul J. Steinhardt

Learning systems match predicted scores to observations over some domain. Often, it is critical to produce accurate predictions in some subset (or region) of the domain, yet less important to accurately predict in other regions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Gil I. Shamir , Manfred K. Warmuth

The Softmax loss is one of the most widely employed surrogate objectives for classification and ranking tasks. To elucidate its theoretical properties, the Fenchel-Young framework situates it as a canonical instance within a broad family of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yuanhao Pu , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

The softmax function is a fundamental building block of deep neural networks, commonly used to define output distributions in classification tasks or attention weights in transformer architectures. Despite its widespread use and proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wojciech Masarczyk , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Tin Sum Cheng , Tomasz Trzciński , Aurelien Lucchi , Razvan Pascanu

Departing from the weak solution, we prove the uniqueness, smoothing estimates and the global dynamics for the non cutoff spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation with moderate soft potentials. Our results show that the behavior of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Ling-Bing He , Jie Ji

Softmax is the most commonly used output function for multiclass problems and is widely used in areas such as vision, natural language processing, and recommendation. A softmax model has linear costs in the number of classes which makes it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Guy Blanc , Steffen Rendle

Exactly solvable neural network models with asymmetric weights are rare, and exact solutions are available only in some mean-field approaches. In this article we find exact analytical solutions of an asymmetric spin-glass-like model of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-02-16 Diego Fasoli , Anna Cattani , Stefano Panzeri

We analyze gradient descent with randomly weighted data points in a linear regression model, under a generic weighting distribution. This includes various forms of stochastic gradient descent, importance sampling, but also extends to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-12 Gabriel Clara , Yazan Mash'al

Regularization is crucial to the success of many practical deep learning models, in particular in a more often than not scenario where there are only a few to a moderate number of accessible training samples. In addition to weight decay,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Che-Wei Huang , Shrikanth S. Narayanan

Ranking tasks constitute fundamental components of extreme similarity learning frameworks, where extremely large corpora of objects are modeled through relative similarity relationships adhering to predefined ordinal structures. Among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuanhao Pu , Defu Lian , Xiaolong Chen , Xu Huang , Jin Chen , Enhong Chen

The general form of soft supersymmetry breaking terms at one loop for effective supergravity models based on the weakly-coupled heterotic string are presented, with special emphasis on those terms arising from the superconformal anomaly.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-23 Brent D. Nelson

To construct flexible nonlinear predictive distributions, the paper introduces a family of softplus function based regression models that convolve, stack, or combine both operations by convolving countably infinite stacked gamma…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-24 Mingyuan Zhou

We design the weights in consensus algorithms with spatially correlated random topologies. These arise with: 1) networks with spatially correlated random link failures and 2) networks with randomized averaging protocols. We show that the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Dusan Jakovetic , Joao Xavier , Jose M. F. Moura

Over the past few years, Batch-Normalization has been commonly used in deep networks, allowing faster training and high performance for a wide variety of applications. However, the reasons behind its merits remained unanswered, with several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-08 Elad Hoffer , Ron Banner , Itay Golan , Daniel Soudry

A proper understanding of the striking generalization abilities of deep neural networks presents an enduring puzzle. Recently, there has been a growing body of numerically-grounded theoretical work that has contributed important insights to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Tyler Lee , Anthony Ndirango

An analytical study is taken to investigate the relationship between material softening and structural softening through the use of a model problem in one dimension. With general nonlinear assumptions on the constitutive relations, it turns…

Biological Physics · Physics 2010-07-30 Hui-Hui Dai , Xiaowu Zhu , Zhen Chen

Algorithmic stability is a key characteristic to ensure the generalization ability of a learning algorithm. Among different notions of stability, \emph{uniform stability} is arguably the most popular one, which yields exponential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Zhun Deng , Hangfeng He , Weijie J. Su

We introduce a family of local inhomogeneous mark-weighted summary statistics, of order two and higher, for general marked point processes. Depending on how the involved weight function is specified, these summary statistics capture…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-13 Nicoletta D'Angelo , Giada Adelfio , Jorge Mateu , Ottmar Cronie