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Related papers: Confirming Correct, Missing the Rest: LLM Tutoring…

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Tutoring improves student achievement, but identifying and studying what tutoring actions are most associated with student learning at scale based on audio transcriptions is an open research problem. This present study investigates the…

This work introduces a novel framework for evaluating LLMs' capacity to balance instruction-following with critical reasoning when presented with multiple-choice questions containing no valid answers. Through systematic evaluation across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gracjan Góral , Emilia Wiśnios , Piotr Sankowski , Paweł Budzianowski

Students' handwritten math work provides a rich resource for diagnosing cognitive skills, as it captures intermediate reasoning beyond final answers. We investigate how current large language models (LLMs) perform in diagnosing cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yoonsu Kim , Hyoungwook Jin , Hayeon Doh , Eunhye Kim , Dongyun Jung , Seungju Kim , Kiyoon Choi , Jinho Son , Juho Kim

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) opens up the possibility of using them as personal tutors. This has led to the development of several intelligent tutoring systems and learning assistants that use LLMs as back-ends with…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Donya Rooein , Dirk Hovy , Tanja Käser , Mrinmaya Sachan

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

Students benefit from math problems contextualized to their interests. Large language models (LLMs) offer promise for efficient personalization at scale. However, LLM-generated personalized problems may often have problems such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Fareya Ikram , Nischal Ashok Kumar , Junyang Lu , Hunter McNichols , Candace Walkington , Neil Heffernan , Andrew S. Lan

The escalating global mental health crisis, marked by persistent treatment gaps, availability, and a shortage of qualified therapists, positions Large Language Models (LLMs) as a promising avenue for scalable support. While LLMs offer…

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have reignited interest in their impact on Computer-based Learning (CBL). AI-driven tools like ChatGPT and Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) have enhanced learning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Mohsen Balavar , Wenli Yang , David Herbert , Soonja Yeom

Virtual Labs offer valuable opportunities for hands-on, inquiry-based science learning, yet teachers often struggle to adapt them to fit their instructional goals. Third-party materials may not align with classroom needs, and developing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 R. Alexander Knipper , Indrani Dey , Souvika Sarkar , Hari Narayanan , Sadhana Puntambekar , Santu Karmaker

The effectiveness of feedback in enhancing learning outcomes is well documented within Educational Data Mining (EDM). Various prior research has explored methodologies to enhance the effectiveness of feedback. Recent developments in Large…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Sami Baral , Eamon Worden , Wen-Chiang Lim , Zhuang Luo , Christopher Santorelli , Ashish Gurung , Neil Heffernan

Automatically generating feedback via large language models (LLMs) in intelligent tutoring systems and online learning platforms has the potential to improve the learning outcomes of many students. However, both feedback generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

While recent efforts have begun integrating large language models (LLMs) into English education, they often rely on traditional approaches to learning tasks without fully embracing educational methodologies, thus lacking adaptability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jingheng Ye , Shen Wang , Deqing Zou , Yibo Yan , Kun Wang , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ruitong Liu , Zenglin Xu , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu , Qingsong Wen

While rapid advances in large language models (LLMs) are reshaping data-driven intelligent education, accurately simulating students remains an important but challenging bottleneck for scalable educational data collection, evaluation, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Haoxuan Li , Jifan Yu , Xin Cong , Yang Dang , Daniel Zhang-li , Lu Mi , Yisi Zhan , Huiqin Liu , Zhiyuan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for educational tasks such as grading, yet their alignment with human evaluation in real classrooms remains underexamined. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Grace Byun , Swati Rajwal , Jinho D. Choi

Can Large Language Models understand how students learn? As LLMs are deployed for adaptive testing and personalized tutoring, this question becomes urgent -- yet we cannot answer it with existing resources. Current educational datasets…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Eamon Worden , Cristina Heffernan , Neil Heffernan , Shashank Sonkar

Monolithic Large Language Models (LLMs) used in educational dialogue often behave as "black boxes," where pedagogical decisions are implicit and difficult to audit, frequently violating instructional constraints by providing answers too…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Nizam Kadir

Large language models (LLMs) can act as evaluators, a role studied by methods like LLM-as-a-Judge and fine-tuned judging LLMs. In the field of education, LLMs have been studied as assistant tools for students and teachers. Our research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Valeria Ramirez-Garcia , David de-Fitero-Dominguez , Antonio Garcia-Cabot , Eva Garcia-Lopez

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to evaluate information retrieval (IR) systems, generating relevance judgments traditionally made by human assessors. Recent empirical studies suggest that LLM-based evaluations often align…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Laura Dietz , Oleg Zendel , Peter Bailey , Charles Clarke , Ellese Cotterill , Jeff Dalton , Faegheh Hasibi , Mark Sanderson , Nick Craswell

Text-based explainable recommendation aims to generate natural-language explanations that justify item recommendations, to improve user trust and system transparency. Although recent advances leverage LLMs to produce fluent outputs, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ben Kabongo , Vincent Guigue

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered tutoring chatbots, showing promise in providing broad access to high-quality personalized education. Existing works have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Alexander Scarlatos , Ryan S. Baker , Andrew Lan