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Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex decision-making and tool-use tasks, yet their ability to generalize across varying environments remains a under-examined concern. Current evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Siyuan Liu , Hongbang Yuan , Xinze Li , Ziyue Zhu , Yixin Cao , Yu-Gang Jiang

We introduce a novel large language model (LLM)-driven agent framework, which iteratively refines queries and filters contextual evidence by leveraging dynamically evolving knowledge. A defining feature of the system is its decoupling of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Seyoung Song

Standard computer vision systems assume access to intelligently captured inputs (e.g., photos from a human photographer), yet autonomously capturing good observations is a major challenge in itself. We address the problem of learning to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Santhosh K. Ramakrishnan , Dinesh Jayaraman , Kristen Grauman

Autonomous agent systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex tasks. However, current evaluations largely rely on success rates without systematically analyzing the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ruofan Lu , Yichen Li , Yintong Huo

We develop a general problem setting for training and testing the ability of agents to gather information efficiently. Specifically, we present a collection of tasks in which success requires searching through a partially-observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-09 Philip Bachman , Alessandro Sordoni , Adam Trischler

Complex, real-world domains may not be fully modeled for an agent, especially if the agent has never operated in the domain before. The agent's ability to effectively plan and act in such a domain is influenced by its knowledge of when it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Dustin Dannenhauer , Matthew Molineaux , Michael W. Floyd , Noah Reifsnyder , David W. Aha

Exploration is a crucial skill for in-context reinforcement learning in unknown environments. However, it remains unclear if large language models can effectively explore a partially hidden state space. This work isolates exploration as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tim Grams , Patrick Betz , Sascha Marton , Stefan Lüdtke , Christian Bartelt

Agentic reinforcement learning (RL) for Large Language Models (LLMs) critically depends on the exploration capability of the base policy, as training signals emerge only within its in-capability region. For tasks where the base policy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yuxiang Ji , Zengbin Wang , Yong Wang , Shidong Yang , Ziyu Ma , Guanhua Chen , Zonghua Sun , Liaoni Wu , Xiangxiang Chu

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in learned tasks, yet they often struggle to adapt to non-stationary environments with feedback. While In-Context Learning and external memory offer some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Lu Yang , Zelai Xu , Minyang Xie , Jiaxuan Gao , Zhao Shok , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved considerable performance across various agentic planning tasks. However, traditional agent planning approaches adopt a "flood irrigation" methodology that indiscriminately injects gold…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shuofei Qiao , Zhisong Qiu , Baochang Ren , Xiaobin Wang , Xiangyuan Ru , Ningyu Zhang , Xiang Chen , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen

In the same way that generative models today conduct most of their training in a self-supervised fashion, how can agentic models conduct their training in a self-supervised fashion, interactively exploring, learning, and preparing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Kathryn Wantlin , Chongyi Zheng , Benjamin Eysenbach

We propose an exploration method that incorporates look-ahead search over basic learnt skills and their dynamics, and use it for reinforcement learning (RL) of manipulation policies . Our skills are multi-goal policies learned in isolation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Arpit Agarwal , Katharina Muelling , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Despite rapid development, large language models (LLMs) still encounter challenges in multi-turn decision-making tasks (i.e., agent tasks) like web shopping and browser navigation, which require making a sequence of intelligent decisions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhiheng Xi , Chenyang Liao , Guanyu Li , Yajie Yang , Wenxiang Chen , Zhihao Zhang , Binghai Wang , Senjie Jin , Yuhao Zhou , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Tao Ji , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

While large language models (LLMs) have advanced the development of general-purpose agents, achieving robust generalization to unseen tasks remains a significant challenge. Current approaches typically rely on either fine-tuning or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Thomas Palmeira Ferraz , Romain Deffayet , Vassilina Nikoulina , Hervé Déjean , Stéphane Clinchant

While large language models (LLMs) show impressive decision-making abilities, current methods lack a mechanism for automatic self-improvement from errors during task execution. We propose LEAP, an iterative fine-tuning framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Sanjiban Choudhury , Paloma Sodhi

Autonomy via agents using large language models (LLMs) for personalized, standardized tasks boosts human efficiency. Automating web tasks (like booking hotels within a budget) is increasingly sought after. Fulfilling practical needs, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ke Yang , Yao Liu , Sapana Chaudhary , Rasool Fakoor , Pratik Chaudhari , George Karypis , Huzefa Rangwala

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) promise to accelerate scientific discovery end-to-end, but rigorously evaluating their capacity for verifiable discovery remains a central challenge. Existing benchmarks face a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhen Wang , Fan Bai , Zhongyan Luo , Jinyan Su , Kaiser Sun , Xinle Yu , Jieyuan Liu , Kun Zhou , Claire Cardie , Mark Dredze , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become essential to the post-training of large language models (LLMs) for reasoning, agentic capabilities and alignment. Successful RL relies on sufficient exploration of diverse actions by the model during…

Recent work, spanning from autonomous vehicle coordination to in-space assembly, has shown the importance of learning collaborative behavior for enabling robots to achieve shared goals. A common approach for learning this cooperative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kartik Nagpal , Dayi Dong , Jean-Baptiste Bouvier , Negar Mehr

Large Language Model (LLM) based agents are powerful yet fundamentally static after deployment, lacking the ability to autonomously expand capabilities, generate new tools, or evolve their reasoning. This work introduces a hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Indrajit Kar , Sammy Zonunpuia , Zonunfeli Ralte