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While vision-language-action models (VLAs) have shown promising robotic behaviors across a diverse set of manipulation tasks, they achieve limited success rates when deployed on novel tasks out of the box. To allow these policies to safely…

LIBERO has emerged as a widely adopted benchmark for evaluating Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models; however, its current training and evaluation settings are problematic, often leading to inflated performance estimates and preventing fair…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xueyang Zhou , Yangming Xu , Guiyao Tie , Yongchao Chen , Guowen Zhang , Duanfeng Chu , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Vision-Language Action (VLA) models significantly advance robotic manipulation by leveraging the strong perception capabilities of pretrained vision-language models (VLMs). By integrating action modules into these pretrained models, VLA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Shaoqi Dong , Chaoyou Fu , Haihan Gao , Yi-Fan Zhang , Chi Yan , Chu Wu , Xiaoyu Liu , Yunhang Shen , Jing Huo , Deqiang Jiang , Haoyu Cao , Yang Gao , Xing Sun , Ran He , Caifeng Shan

One promise that Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models hold over traditional imitation learning for robotics is to leverage the broad generalization capabilities of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to produce versatile, "generalist" robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Irving Fang , Juexiao Zhang , Shengbang Tong , Chen Feng

In dynamic environments such as warehouses, hospitals, and homes, robots must seamlessly transition between gross motion and precise manipulations to complete complex tasks. However, current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) frameworks, largely…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models finetuned from vision-language models (VLMs) hold the promise of leveraging rich pretrained representations to build generalist robots across diverse tasks and environments. However, direct fine-tuning on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Shresth Grover , Akshay Gopalkrishnan , Bo Ai , Henrik I. Christensen , Hao Su , Xuanlin Li

Vision-language-action models have emerged as a crucial paradigm in robotic manipulation. However, existing VLA models exhibit notable limitations in handling ambiguous language instructions and unknown environmental states. Furthermore,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Helong Huang , Min Cen , Kai Tan , Xingyue Quan , Guowei Huang , Hong Zhang

Fine-tuning vision-language models (VLMs) on robot teleoperation data to create vision-language-action (VLA) models is a promising paradigm for training generalist policies, but it suffers from a fundamental tradeoff: learning to produce…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Asher J. Hancock , Xindi Wu , Lihan Zha , Olga Russakovsky , Anirudha Majumdar

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models aim to predict robotic actions based on visual observations and language instructions. Existing approaches require fine-tuning pre-trained visionlanguage models (VLMs) as visual and language features are…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models achieve strong performance in robotic manipulation by leveraging pre-trained vision-language backbones. However, in downstream robotic settings, they are typically fine-tuned with limited data, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Chanyoung Kim , Minwoo Kim , Minseok Kang , Hyunwoo Kim , Dahuin Jung

This paper presents a novel approach for pretraining robotic manipulation Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models using a large corpus of unscripted real-life video recordings of human hand activities. Treating human hand as dexterous robot…

Recently, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong performance on a range of robotic tasks. These models rely on multimodal inputs, with language instructions playing a crucial role -- not only in predicting actions, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Wen-Han Hsieh , Elvis Hsieh , Dantong Niu , Trevor Darrell , Roei Herzig , David M. Chan

Foundation models applied in robotics, particularly \textbf{Vision--Language--Action (VLA)} models, hold great promise for achieving general-purpose manipulation. Yet, systematic real-world evaluations and cross-model comparisons remain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yihao Zhang , Yuankai Qi , Xi Zheng

Vision-language-action (VLA) models are emerging as embodied foundation models for robotic manipulation, but their deployment introduces a new unlearning challenge: removing unsafe, spurious, or privacy-sensitive behaviors without degrading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ravi Ranjan , Agoritsa Polyzou

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) have garnered significant attention for their potential in advancing robotic manipulation. However, previous approaches predominantly rely on the general comprehension capabilities of vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yuqi Wang , Xinghang Li , Wenxuan Wang , Junbo Zhang , Yingyan Li , Yuntao Chen , Xinlong Wang , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) show potential as generalist robot policies. However, these models pose extreme safety challenges during real-world deployment, including the risk of harm to the environment, the robot itself, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Borong Zhang , Yuhao Zhang , Jiaming Ji , Yingshan Lei , Yishuai Cai , Josef Dai , Yuanpei Chen , Yaodong Yang

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in embodied environments, enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act through unified multimodal understanding. Despite their impressive capabilities, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yuping Yan , Yuhan Xie , Yixin Zhang , Lingjuan Lyu , Handing Wang , Yaochu Jin

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models remain brittle in long-horizon, contact-rich manipulation because success-only imitation provides little supervision for execution drift, while failed rollouts are often discarded. We introduce RePO-VLA,…

General-purpose robots must master long-horizon manipulation, defined as tasks involving multiple kinematic structure changes (e.g., attaching or detaching objects) in unstructured environments. While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yue Yang , Shuo Cheng , Yu Fang , Homanga Bharadhwaj , Mingyu Ding , Gedas Bertasius , Daniel Szafir