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Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is a crucial task in recommendation systems, online searches, and advertising platforms, where accurately capturing users' real interests in content is essential for performance. However, existing methods…

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction, whose goal is to predict the probability of the user to click on an item, has become increasingly significant in the recommender systems. Recently, some deep learning models with the ability to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Tianwei Cao , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Qingming Huang

Estimating Click-Through Rate (CTR) is a vital yet challenging task in personalized product search. However, existing CTR methods still struggle in the product search settings due to the following three challenges including how to more…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Qijie Shen , Hong Wen , Jing Zhang , Qi Rao

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, a core task in recommendation systems, aims to estimate the probability of users clicking on items. Existing models predominantly follow a discriminative paradigm, which relies heavily on explicit…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Mingjia Yin , Junwei Pan , Hao Wang , Ximei Wang , Shangyu Zhang , Jie Jiang , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, estimating the probability of a user clicking on an item, is essential in industrial applications, such as online advertising. Many works focus on user behavior modeling to improve CTR prediction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Xuyang Hou , Zhe Wang , Qi Liu , Tan Qu , Jia Cheng , Jun Lei

Rich user behavior data has been proven to be of great value for Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction applications, especially in industrial recommender, search, or advertising systems. However, it's non-trivial for real-world systems to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Yue Cao , XiaoJiang Zhou , Jiaqi Feng , Peihao Huang , Yao Xiao , Dayao Chen , Sheng Chen

Estimating click-through rate (CTR) accurately has an essential impact on improving user experience and revenue in sponsored search. For CTR prediction model, it is necessary to make out user real-time search intention. Most of the current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Feng Li , Zhenrui Chen , Pengjie Wang , Yi Ren , Di Zhang , Xiaoyu Zhu

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction plays a pivotal role in the success of recommendations. Inspired by the recent thriving of language models (LMs), a surge of works improve prediction by organizing user behavior data in a \textbf{textual}…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Shuwei Chen , Xiang Li , Jian Dong , Jin Zhang , Yongkang Wang , Xingxing Wang

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction has long been dominated by discriminative paradigms that optimize local decision boundaries within candidate-specific subspaces. However, these models often fail to capture the global joint distribution…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Chen Gao , Zixin Zhao , Lv Shao , Tong Liu

Generating effective query suggestions in conversational search requires aligning model outputs with user preferences, which is challenging due to sparse and noisy click signals. We propose GQS, a generative framework that integrates click…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Erxue Min , Hsiu-Yuan Huang , Xihong Yang , Min Yang , Xin Jia , Yunfang Wu , Hengyi Cai , Junfeng Wang , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin

User behavior modeling -- which aims to extract user interests from behavioral data -- has shown great power in Click-through rate (CTR) prediction, a key component in recommendation systems. Recently, attention-based algorithms have become…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Han Xu , Taoxing Pan , Zhiqiang Liu , Xiaoxiao Xu , Lantao Hu

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, crucial in applications like recommender systems and online advertising, involves ranking items based on the likelihood of user clicks. User behavior sequence modeling has marked progress in CTR…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Hengyu Zhang , Chang Meng , Wei Guo , Huifeng Guo , Jieming Zhu , Guangpeng Zhao , Ruiming Tang , Xiu Li

Recently, click-through rate (CTR) prediction models have evolved from shallow methods to deep neural networks. Most deep CTR models follow an Embedding\&MLP paradigm, that is, first mapping discrete id features, e.g. user visited items,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-26 Guorui Zhou , Kailun Wu , Weijie Bian , Zhao Yang , Xiaoqiang Zhu , Kun Gai

With the rapid growth of user historical behavior data, user interest modeling has become a prominent aspect in Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, focusing on learning user intent representations. However, this complexity poses…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Xin Song , Xiaochen Li , Jinxin Hu , Hong Wen , Zulong Chen , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng , Jing Zhang

In the Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction scenario, user's sequential behaviors are well utilized to capture the user interest in the recent literature. However, despite being extensively studied, these sequential methods still suffer from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Kai Zhang , Hao Qian , Qing Cui , Qi Liu , Longfei Li , Jun Zhou , Jianhui Ma , Enhong Chen

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction tasks typically estimate the probability of a user clicking on a candidate item by modeling both user behavior sequence features and the item's contextual features, where the user behavior sequence is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yi Xu , Chaofan Fan , Moyu Zhang , Jinxin Hu , Jiahao Wang , Hao Zhang , Shizhun Wang , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng

The significance of modeling long-term user interests for CTR prediction tasks in large-scale recommendation systems is progressively gaining attention among researchers and practitioners. Existing work, such as SIM and TWIN, typically…

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction has become increasingly indispensable for various Internet applications. Traditional CTR models convert the multi-field categorical data into ID features via one-hot encoding, and extract the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Jianghao Lin , Bo Chen , Hangyu Wang , Yunjia Xi , Yanru Qu , Xinyi Dai , Kangning Zhang , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Click-through rate prediction is a critical task in online advertising. Currently, many existing methods attempt to extract user potential interests from historical click behavior sequences. However, it is difficult to handle sparse user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Wensen Jiang , Yizhu Jiao , Qingqin Wang , Chuanming Liang , Lijie Guo , Yao Zhang , Zhijun Sun , Yun Xiong , Yangyong Zhu

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, a core task in recommendation systems, estimates user click likelihood using historical behavioral data. Modeling user behavior sequences as text to leverage Language Models (LMs) for this task has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zixuan Li , Binzong Geng , Jing Xiong , Yong He , Yuxuan Hu , Jian Chen , Dingwei Chen , Xiyu Chang , Liang Zhang , Linjian Mo , Chengming Li , Chuan Yuan , Zhenan Sun