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Neural operators learn to map initial conditions to the terminal solution of partial differential equations (PDEs), providing a surrogate for the full operator mapping. This enables rapid prediction across different input configurations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Runlong Xie , An Luo

Minimizing PDE-residual losses is a common strategy to promote physical consistency in neural operators. However, standard formulations often lack variational correctness, meaning that small residuals do not guarantee small solution errors…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-25 Yuan Qiu , Wolfgang Dahmen , Peng Chen

In computational physics, a longstanding challenge lies in finding numerical solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, research attention has increasingly focused on Neural Operator methods, which are notable for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yichen Song , Yalun Wu , Yunbo Wang , Xiaokang Yang

This article studies the dynamics of the mean-field approximation of continuous random networks. These networks are stochastic integrodifferential equations driven by Gaussian noise. The kernels in the integral operators are realizations of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-04 W. A. Zúñiga-Galindo

Neural operators (NO) are discretization invariant deep learning methods with functional output and can approximate any continuous operator. NO have demonstrated the superiority of solving partial differential equations (PDEs) over other…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-02 Jianguo Huang , Yue Qiu

We propose the Inverse Neural Operator (INO), a two-stage framework for recovering hidden ODE parameters from sparse, partial observations. In Stage 1, a Conditional Fourier Neural Operator (C-FNO) with cross-attention learns a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zhi-Song Liu , Wenqing Peng , Helmi Toropainen , Ammar Kheder , Andreas Rupp , Holger Froning , Xiaojie Lin , Michael Boy

We introduce Markov Neural Processes (MNPs), a new class of Stochastic Processes (SPs) which are constructed by stacking sequences of neural parameterised Markov transition operators in function space. We prove that these Markov transition…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-26 Jin Xu , Emilien Dupont , Kaspar Märtens , Tom Rainforth , Yee Whye Teh

Although very successfully used in conventional machine learning, convolution based neural network architectures -- believed to be inconsistent in function space -- have been largely ignored in the context of learning solution operators of…

A variety of infinitely wide neural architectures (e.g., dense NNs, CNNs, and transformers) induce Gaussian process (GP) priors over their outputs. These relationships provide both an accurate characterization of the prior predictive…

We propose an extended Fourier neural operator (FNO) architecture for learning state and linear quadratic additive optimal control of systems governed by partial differential equations. Using the Ehrenpreis-Palamodov fundamental principle,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhexian Li , Ketan Savla

Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) are the mathematical tool of choice for modelling spatiotemporal PDE-dynamics under the influence of randomness. Based on the notion of mild solution of an SPDE, we introduce a novel neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Cristopher Salvi , Maud Lemercier , Andris Gerasimovics

The computational overhead of traditional numerical solvers for partial differential equations (PDEs) remains a critical bottleneck for large-scale parametric studies and design optimization. We introduce a Minimal-Data Parametric Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Qiyun Cheng , Md Hossain Sahadath , Huihua Yang , Shaowu Pan , Wei Ji

Accurately quantifying long-term risk probabilities in diverse stochastic systems is essential for safety-critical control. However, existing sampling-based and partial differential equation (PDE)-based methods often struggle to handle…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Zhuoyuan Wang , Raffaele Romagnoli , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Yorie Nakahira

This paper proposes and analyzes a new operator splitting method for stochastic Maxwell equations driven by additive noise, which not only decomposes the original multi-dimensional system into some local one-dimensional subsystems, but also…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Chuchu Chen , Jialin Hong , Lihai Ji

Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) excel on tasks using functional data, such as those originating from partial differential equations. Such characteristics render them an effective approach for simulating the time evolution of quantum…

We study Doob's martingale convergence theorem for computable continuous time martingales on Brownian motion, in the context of algorithmic randomness. A characterization of the class of sample points for which the theorem holds is given.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Bjørn Kjos-Hanssen , Paul Kim Long V. Nguyen , Jason Rute

The recovery of magnetic resonance (MR) images from undersampled measurements is a key problem that has seen extensive research in recent years. Unrolled approaches, which rely on end-to-end training of convolutional neural network (CNN)…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-04 Maneesh John , Jyothi Rikhab Chand , Mathews Jacob

Reliable digital twins of lithium-ion batteries must achieve high physical fidelity with sub-millisecond speed. In this work, we benchmark three operator-learning surrogates for the Single Particle Model (SPM): Deep Operator Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Amir Ali Panahi , Daniel Luder , Billy Wu , Gregory Offer , Dirk Uwe Sauer , Weihan Li

Many consequential real-world systems, like wind fields and ocean currents, are dynamic and hard to model. Learning their governing dynamics remains a central challenge in scientific machine learning. Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yujin Kim , Sarah Dean

Neural operators such as the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) have been shown to provide resolution-independent deep learning models that can learn mappings between function spaces. For example, an initial condition can be mapped to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Aditya Kashi , Arka Daw , Muralikrishnan Gopalakrishnan Meena , Hao Lu