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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in expressing emotions and communication, particularly during early childhood. Understanding the affective state of children at an early…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Aura Loredana Dan

Datasets used for emotion recognition tasks typically contain overt cues that can be used in predicting the emotions expressed in a text. However, one challenge is that texts sometimes contain covert contextual cues that are rich in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

Purpose: Emotion is a fundamental component of human communication, shaping understanding, trust, and engagement across domains such as education, healthcare, and mental health. While large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yurui Dong , Luozhijie Jin , Yao Yang , Bingjie Lu , Jiaxi Yang , Zhi Liu

With enhanced capabilities and widespread applications, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly required to process and reason over multiple images simultaneously. However, existing MLLM benchmarks focus either on…

Multimodal emotion understanding requires effective integration of text, audio, and visual modalities for both discrete emotion recognition and continuous sentiment analysis. We present EGMF, a unified framework combining expert-guided…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiaqi Qiao , Xiujuan Xu , Xinran Li , Yu Liu

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is typically trained and evaluated on majority-voted labels, which simplifies benchmarking but masks subjectivity and provides little transparency into why predictions are made. This neglects valid minority…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-06 Bo-Hao Su , Hui-Ying Shih , Jinchuan Tian , Jiatong Shi , Chi-Chun Lee , Carlos Busso , Shinji Watanabe

Emotions are a fundamental aspect of artistic expression. Due to their abstract nature, there is a broad spectrum of emotion realization in artworks. These are subject to historical change and their analysis requires expertise in art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sebastian Padó , Kerstin Thomas

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong cognitive intelligence (IQ), yet many real-world interactions also require emotional intelligence (EQ) to produce responses that are both factually reliable and emotionally appropriate. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yifei Zhang , Mingyang Li , Henry Gao , Liang Zhao

Gaps arise between a language model's use of concepts and people's expectations. This gap is critical when LLMs generate text to help people communicate via Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) tools. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Shadab Choudhury , Asha Kumar , Lara J. Martin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on various quantitative reasoning and knowledge benchmarks. However, many of these benchmarks are losing utility as LLMs get increasingly high scores, despite not yet…

Despite their strong performance in multimodal emotion reasoning, existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) often overlook the scenarios involving emotion conflicts, where emotional cues from different modalities are inconsistent.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhiyuan Han , Beier Zhu , Yanlong Xu , Peipei Song , Xun Yang

Emotion distribution learning has gained increasing attention with the tendency to express emotions through images. As for emotion ambiguity arising from humans' subjectivity, substantial previous methods generally focused on learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Peiguang Jing , Xianyi Liu , Ji Wang , Yinwei Wei , Liqiang Nie , Yuting Su

The ever-evolving social media discourse has witnessed an overwhelming use of memes to express opinions or dissent. Besides being misused for spreading malcontent, they are mined by corporations and political parties to glean the public's…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Shivam Sharma , Ramaneswaran S , Md. Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Emotion understanding is critical for making Large Language Models (LLMs) more general, reliable, and aligned with humans. Art conveys emotion through the joint design of visual and auditory elements, yet most prior work is human-centered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Dengming Zhang , Weitao You , Jingxiong Li , Weishen Lin , Wenda Shi , Xue Zhao , Heda Zuo , Junxian Wu , Lingyun Sun

With the integration of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) into robotic systems and AI applications, embedding emotional intelligence (EI) capabilities is essential for enabling these models to perceive, interpret, and respond to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 He Hu , Lianzhong You , Hongbo Xu , Qianning Wang , Fei Richard Yu , Fei Ma , Zebang Cheng , Zheng Lian , Yucheng Zhou , Laizhong Cui

As Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) become more capable, there is growing interest in evaluating their reasoning processes alongside their final outputs. However, most benchmarks remain focused on English, overlooking languages with rich…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Sara Ghaboura , Ketan More , Wafa Alghallabi , Omkar Thawakar , Jorma Laaksonen , Hisham Cholakkal , Salman Khan , Rao Muhammad Anwer

Can Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), with capabilities in perception, recognition, understanding, and reasoning, function as independent assistants in art evaluation dialogues? Current MLLM evaluation methods, which rely on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Chanjin Zheng , Zengyi Yu , Yilin Jiang , Mingzi Zhang , Xunuo Lu , Jing Jin , Liteng Gao

Emotional Image Content Generation (EICG) aims to generate semantically clear and emotionally faithful images based on given emotion categories, with broad application prospects. While recent text-to-image diffusion models excel at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Kaishen Yuan , Yuting Zhang , Shang Gao , Yijie Zhu , Wenshuo Chen , Yutao Yue

The integration of information across multiple modalities and across time is a promising way to enhance the emotion recognition performance of affective systems. Much previous work has focused on instantaneous emotion recognition. The 2018…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-05-07 Didan Deng , Yuqian Zhou , Jimin Pi , Bertram E. Shi

This paper develops small vision language models to understand visual art, which, given an art work, aims to identify its emotion category and explain this prediction with natural language. While small models are computationally efficient,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Jing Zhang , Liang Zheng , Meng Wang , Dan Guo