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Real-world visual data often exhibits a long-tailed distribution, where some ''head'' classes have a large number of samples, yet only a few samples are available for ''tail'' classes. Such imbalanced distribution causes a great challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Junjie Zhang , Lingqiao Liu , Peng Wang , Chunhua Shen

One of the most profound challenges of modern machine learning is performing well on the long-tail of rare and underrepresented features. Large general-purpose models are trained for many tasks, but work best on high-frequency use cases.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Daniel D'souza , Julia Kreutzer , Adrien Morisot , Ahmet Üstün , Sara Hooker

The joint Value at Risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) quantile regression model of Taylor (2017) is extended via incorporating a realized measure, to drive the tail risk dynamics, as a potentially more efficient driver than daily…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2018-05-23 Richard Gerlach , Chao Wang

We consider the problem of inference for non-stationary time series with heavy-tailed error distribution. Under a time-varying linear process framework we show that there exists a suitable local approximation by a stationary process with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-09 Fumiya Akashi , Konstantinos Fokianos , Junichi Hirukawa

Consider a random sample in the max-domain of attraction of a multivariate extreme value distribution such that the dependence structure of the attractor belongs to a parametric model. A new estimator for the unknown parameter is defined as…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-10-05 John H. J. Einmahl , Andrea Krajina , Johan Segers

Models with a large number of latent variables are often used to fully utilize the information in big or complex data. However, they can be difficult to estimate using standard approaches, and variational inference methods are a popular…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-20 Rubén Loaiza-Maya , Michael Stanley Smith , David J. Nott , Peter J. Danaher

Object frequency in the real world often follows a power law, leading to a mismatch between datasets with long-tailed class distributions seen by a machine learning model and our expectation of the model to perform well on all classes. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Muhammad Abdullah Jamal , Matthew Brown , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Liqiang Wang , Boqing Gong

This paper revisits the fundamental mathematics of Taylor series to approximate curves with function representation and arc-length-based parametric representation. Parametric representation is shown to preserve its form in coordinate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-10 Wubing B. Qin

In extreme value inference it is a fundamental problem how the target value is required to be extreme by the extreme value theory. In iid settings this study both theoretically and numerically compares tail estimators, which are based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Taku Moriyama

Forecast combination has been proven to be a very important technique to obtain accurate predictions. In many applications, forecast errors exhibit heavy tail behaviors for various reasons. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, little has been…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-27 Gang Cheng , Sicong Wang , Yuhong Yang

Modeling and predicting extreme movements in GDP is notoriously difficult and the selection of appropriate covariates and/or possible forms of nonlinearities are key in obtaining precise forecasts. In this paper, our focus is on using large…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-09-25 Jan Prüser , Florian Huber

Asymptotic theory of tail index estimation has been studied extensively in the frequentist literature on extreme values, but rarely in the Bayesian context. We investigate whether popular Bayesian kernel mixture models are able to support…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-19 Cheng Li , Lizhen Lin , David B. Dunson

We propose a new Bayesian strategy for adaptation to smoothness in nonparametric models based on heavy tailed series priors. We illustrate it in a variety of settings, showing in particular that the corresponding Bayesian posterior…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-30 Sergios Agapiou , Ismaël Castillo

Deep classifiers have achieved great success in visual recognition. However, real-world data is long-tailed by nature, leading to the mismatch between training and testing distributions. In this paper, we show that the Softmax function,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Jiawei Ren , Cunjun Yu , Shunan Sheng , Xiao Ma , Haiyu Zhao , Shuai Yi , Hongsheng Li

Heavy tailed distributions present a tough setting for inference. They are also common in industrial applications, particularly with Internet transaction datasets, and machine learners often analyze such data without considering the biases…

Applications · Statistics 2016-10-14 Matt Taddy , Hedibert Freitas Lopes , Matt Gardner

We develop two new estimators for a general class of stationary GARCH models with possibly heavy tailed asymmetrically distributed errors, covering processes with symmetric and asymmetric feedback like GARCH, Asymmetric GARCH, VGARCH and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-29 Jonathan B. Hill

The tail chain of a Markov chain can be used to model the dependence between extreme observations. For a positive recurrent Markov chain, the tail chain aids in describing the limit of a sequence of point processes $\{N_n,n\geq1\}$,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-01 Sidney I. Resnick , David Zeber

The success of deep learning in computer vision is rooted in the ability of deep networks to scale up model complexity as demanded by challenging visual tasks. As complexity is increased, so is the need for large amounts of labeled data to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Gustav Larsson

Irregular computations on unstructured data are an important class of problems for parallel programming. Graph coloring is often an important preprocessing step, e.g. as a way to perform dependency analysis for safe parallel execution. The…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Georgios Rokos , Gerard Gorman , Paul H J Kelly

Despite the successes of probabilistic models based on passing noise through neural networks, recent work has identified that such methods often fail to capture tail behavior accurately, unless the tails of the base distribution are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-16 Feynman Liang , Liam Hodgkinson , Michael W. Mahoney