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Humanoid robots have the promise of locomoting like humans, including fast and dynamic running. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) controllers that can mimic human motions have become popular as they can generate very dynamic behaviors,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zachary Olkin , William D. Compton , Ryan M. Bena , Aaron D. Ames

For the deployment of legged robots in real-world environments, it is essential to develop robust locomotion control methods for challenging terrains that may exhibit unexpected deformability and irregularity. In this paper, we explore the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Rohan P. Singh , Mitsuharu Morisawa , Mehdi Benallegue , Zhaoming Xie , Fumio Kanehiro

This paper addresses the challenge of terrain-adaptive dynamic locomotion in humanoid robots, a problem traditionally tackled by optimization-based methods or reinforcement learning (RL). Optimization-based methods, such as model-predictive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Shangqun Yu , Nisal Perera , Daniel Marew , Donghyun Kim

Whole-body humanoid locomotion is challenging due to high-dimensional control, morphological instability, and the need for real-time adaptation to various terrains using onboard perception. Directly applying reinforcement learning (RL) with…

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) based controllers for legged robots have demonstrated impressive robustness for walking in different environments for several robot platforms. To enable the application of RL policies for humanoid robots in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Rohan Pratap Singh , Mehdi Benallegue , Mitsuharu Morisawa , Rafael Cisneros , Fumio Kanehiro

Humanoid robots have demonstrated robust locomotion capabilities using Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based approaches. Further, to obtain human-like behaviors, existing methods integrate human motion-tracking or motion prior in the RL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Dewei Wang , Xinmiao Wang , Xinzhe Liu , Jiyuan Shi , Yingnan Zhao , Chenjia Bai , Xuelong Li

We present a unified model-based and data-driven approach for quadrupedal planning and control to achieve dynamic locomotion over uneven terrain. We utilize on-board proprioceptive and exteroceptive feedback to map sensory information and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Siddhant Gangapurwala , Mathieu Geisert , Romeo Orsolino , Maurice Fallon , Ioannis Havoutis

Reinforcement learning (RL) for bipedal locomotion has recently demonstrated robust gaits over moderate terrains using only proprioceptive sensing. However, such blind controllers will fail in environments where robots must anticipate and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Helei Duan , Bikram Pandit , Mohitvishnu S. Gadde , Bart van Marum , Jeremy Dao , Chanho Kim , Alan Fern

Legged robots must exhibit robust and agile locomotion across diverse, unstructured terrains, a challenge exacerbated under blind locomotion settings where terrain information is unavailable. This work introduces a hierarchical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Matheus P. Angarola , Francisco Affonso , Marcelo Becker

Simulation-based reinforcement learning (RL) has significantly advanced humanoid locomotion tasks, yet direct real-world RL from scratch or adapting from pretrained policies remains rare, limiting the full potential of humanoid robots.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kaizhe Hu , Haochen Shi , Yao He , Weizhuo Wang , C. Karen Liu , Shuran Song

Enabling humanoid robots to achieve natural and dynamic locomotion across a wide range of speeds, including smooth transitions from walking to running, presents a significant challenge. Existing deep reinforcement learning methods typically…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Qingpeng Li , Chengrui Zhu , Yanming Wu , Xin Yuan , Zhen Zhang , Jian Yang , Yong Liu

The human nervous system exhibits bilateral symmetry, enabling coordinated and balanced movements. However, existing Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) methods for humanoid robots neglect morphological symmetry of the robot, leading to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Buqing Nie , Yang Zhang , Rongjun Jin , Zhanxiang Cao , Huangxuan Lin , Xiaokang Yang , Yue Gao

Dynamic quadruped locomotion over challenging terrains with precise foot placements is a hard problem for both optimal control methods and Reinforcement Learning (RL). Non-linear solvers can produce coordinated constraint satisfying…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Philemon Brakel , Steven Bohez , Leonard Hasenclever , Nicolas Heess , Konstantinos Bousmalis

For full-size humanoid robots, even with recent advances in reinforcement learning-based control, achieving reliable locomotion on complex terrains, such as long staircases, remains challenging. In such settings, limited perception,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Haolin Song , Hongbo Zhu , Tao Yu , Yan Liu , Mingqi Yuan , Wengang Zhou , Hua Chen , Houqiang Li

Humanoid robots are engineered to navigate terrains akin to those encountered by humans, which necessitates human-like locomotion and perceptual abilities. Currently, the most reliable controllers for humanoid motion rely exclusively on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Wandong Sun , Baoshi Cao , Long Chen , Yongbo Su , Yang Liu , Zongwu Xie , Hong Liu

We present a unified gait-conditioned reinforcement learning framework that enables humanoid robots to perform standing, walking, running, and smooth transitions within a single recurrent policy. A compact reward routing mechanism…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Tianhu Peng , Lingfan Bao , Chengxu Zhou

Humanoid robots can, in principle, use their legs to go almost anywhere. Developing controllers capable of traversing diverse terrains, however, remains a considerable challenge. Classical controllers are hard to generalize broadly while…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Ilija Radosavovic , Sarthak Kamat , Trevor Darrell , Jitendra Malik

Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (RL) based techniques combined with training in simulation have offered a new approach to developing robust controllers for legged robots. However, the application of such approaches to real…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Rohan Pratap Singh , Zhaoming Xie , Pierre Gergondet , Fumio Kanehiro

Humanoids operating in real-world workspaces must frequently execute task-driven, short-range movements to SE(2) target poses. To be practical, these transitions must be fast, robust, and energy efficient. While learning-based locomotion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Pranay Dugar , Mohitvishnu S. Gadde , Jonah Siekmann , Yesh Godse , Aayam Shrestha , Alan Fern

Learning agile humanoid behaviors from human motion offers a powerful route to natural, coordinated control, but existing approaches face a persistent trade-off: reference-tracking policies are often brittle outside the demonstration…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jiashun Wang , M. Eva Mungai , He Li , Jean Pierre Sleiman , Jessica Hodgins , Farbod Farshidian
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